persian poetry has always confronted great changes in different periods of classicism, modernism and postmodernism. these changes have generally occurred in two areas of form and content. the writers of the present article have tried to settle the issue that if they can find a philosophical basis for the in persian poetry changes apart from historical events and geographical areas or no.

The article analyzes the basic principles of landscape design imperial and aristocratic parks in Russian Empire XVIII–XIX centuries. There were "official" designed to be visited by high-ranking guests, "private" parks, which not covered canons park. In Tsarskoye Selo residence Catherine's Park performed function with appropriate pomp, located next it Alexander's –respectively, became a model fo...

The classicism of the first decade 20th century was analyzed as a result negative assessment situation in culture late 19th century. opinions such cultural theorists Max Nordau or Richard Hamann, who represent extreme individualism and isolation art from moral social tasks, are manifestations degeneration decline, leading society to madness collapse. features characteristic end (fin de siècle) ...

In this paper we investigate the notion of developing generic aspects in Hyper/J and compare it with other approaches.

the both atlantic side relations from the ancient time had been faced with too much challenge but the continuing of this relation is due to the common political and economical interests. the upper atlantic and the two organizations (nato, eu) still exist to gain the essential goals and the political and security connection which are boosting with the economical integration at the same time. but...

One of the hallmarks of human cognition is the capacity to generalize over arbitrary constituents. Recently, Marcus (1998b, 1998a) argued that this capacity, called “universal generalization” (universality), is not supported by Connectionist models. Instead, universality is best explained by Classical symbol systems, with Connectionism as its implementation. Here it is argued that universality ...

A plurality of approaches to foundational aspects of mathematics is a fact of life. Two loci of this are discussed here, the classicism/constructivism controversy over standards of proof, and the plurality of universes of discourse for mathematics arising in set theory and in category theory, whose problematic relationship is discussed. The first case illustrates the hypothesis that a sufficien...