Unmethylated CpG oligodinucleotides (CpG-ODN) flanked by specific bases found in bacterial DNA are known to stimulate innate immune responses. In this study, synthetic CpG-ODNs were evaluated for their in vitro stimulation of leukocyte and in vivo protection against Salmonella enteritidis (SE) in neonatal chickens. Our studies showed that CpG-ODN stimulated bactericidal activities, releasing gr...

avian influenza is an important disease of poultry with the potential to cause major epidemics resulting in significant economic losses. the presence of avian influenza viruses (aiv) in chickens in iran has not been previously reported. an avian influenza outbreak in broiler, layer and breeder farms occurred during a very hot summer in july 1998. three aiv isolates designated as 101, 102 and 10...

This study sought to assess mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) diversity and phylogeographic structure of chickens from five agro-ecological zones of Zimbabwe. Furthermore, chickens from Zimbabwe were compared with populations from other geographical regions (Malawi, Sudan and Germany) and other management systems (broiler and layer purebred lines). Finally, haplotypes of these animals were aligned to c...

Host resistance in Desi and commercial layer breeds was studied in this study. It was evaluated by measuring sensitivity of RBCs to LPAIV induced hemagglutination by using RBCs of two breeds and nine other avian species. Moreover, egg infectious dose 50 (EID50) along with mean death time (MDT) in embryonated eggs, intracerebral pathogenicity in dayold chicks, and intravenous pathogenicity, in f...

Dermal hyperpigmentation or Fibromelanosis (FM) is one of the few examples of skin pigmentation phenotypes in the chicken, where most other pigmentation variants influence feather color and patterning. The Silkie chicken is the most widespread and well-studied breed displaying this phenotype. The presence of the dominant FM allele results in extensive pigmentation of the dermal layer of skin an...

the prevalence of methicillin resistant staphylococcus aureus (mrsa) and methicillin sensitivestaphylococcus aureus (mssa) carriage among poultry and poultry farmers in malaysia is largely unknown.in the current investigation, chickens and chicken farmers from 30 chicken farms were screened for mrsaand s. aureus carriage. the genetic characteristics of the isolates were determined through multi...

Results of examinations of the prenatal dynamic of development of skeletal musculature of chicken have been presented in this paper. Eggs of two types of chicken hybrids were incubated – broiler (Ross 308) and layer (Hy-Line Brown). Samples were taken in determined intervals. For the analyses of samples, light and scanning electron microscopy were used. Morphological characteristics of skeletal...

Avian leukosis virus (ALV) subgroup J is thought to have emerged through a recombination event between an unknown exogenous ALV and the endogenous retrovirus elements designated EAV-HP. All EAV-HP elements identified to date in the chicken genome show large deletions, including that of the entire pol gene. Here we report the identification of four segregating chicken EAV-HP proviruses with comp...