Mechanical ventilation using high tidal volume (VT) and transpulmonary pressure can damage the lung, causing ventilator-induced lung injury. Permissive hypercapnia, a ventilatory strategy for acute respiratory failure in which the lungs are ventilated with a low inspiratory volume and pressure, has been accepted progressively in critical care for adult, pediatric, and neonatal patients requirin...

Background: Weaning from mechanical ventilation in the intensive care unit is an important step in the treatment process. More patients in less than 6 hours after cardiac surgery can be separated from mechanical ventilation and extubated. However, 20-40% of patients after cardiac surgery, due to dysfunctional ventilator weaning response (DVWR), still remain under mechanical ventilation. Therefo...

The adaptation of mechanical ventilators for use in the neonatal population brought about a dramatic breakthrough in the care of premature infants. Further refinements and the development of technologies such as high-frequency ventilation combined with exogenous surfactant have further pushed back the boundaries of survival. Despite these advances, mechanical ventilation is not without risk. Ba...

RATIONALE Nitric oxide (NO) produced in the lung is an important mediator of normal lung development, vascular smooth muscle relaxation, and ventilation perfusion matching. NO is synthesized from arginine by the action of NO-synthase (NOS). Asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA), an endogenous derivate of arginine, inhibits NOS and is thereby a determinant of NO synthesis. We compared ADMA and argi...

Background Neonatal respiratory distress is one the most common problems in the first few day of neonatal life. The present study intended to determine the frequency of the causes and outcomes of respiratory distress in neonates hospitalized in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) in Hamadan city, Iran. Materials and Methods In this descriptive and cross-sectional study, all the neonates wi...

Infants in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit may experience a myriad of painful procedures and stressful experiences. Pain management for infants requiring mechanical ventilation is complex and challenging especially in the preterm population. Many infants may not receive analgesia, primarily due to the unknown long-term neurodevelopmental effects of morphine exposure on the developing brain. Cu...

As in the adult with acute lung injury and acute respiratory distress syndrome, the use of lung-protective ventilation has improved outcomes for neonatal lung diseases. Animal models of neonatal respiratory distress syndrome and congenital diaphragmatic hernia have provided evidence that ‘gentle ventilation’ with low tidal volumes and ‘open-lung’ strategies of using positive end-expiratory pres...