OBJECTIVE We studied the effects of health insurance, health care needs, and demographic and area characteristics on out-of-pocket health care spending for low and higher income insured populations. MATERIALS AND METHODS We used the 2002 National Survey of America's Families to analyze out-of-pocket health spending. People were classified into 3 levels of expenses based on their out-of-pocket...

General practitioners are unlikely to receive the exact level of remuneration recommended in the 16th report of the doctors' and dentists' review body' even if the level was accepted in full by the government and implemented from 1 April. This alarming sounding position is so because general practitioners' remuneration is a series of fees and allowances designed to produce an average income acr...

BACKGROUND Financial distress due to the cost of cancer treatments is prevalent among cancer patients. Identifying the level of financial distress and its affecting factors has an important role in providing supportive services. Accordingly, the aims of this study were to determine these parameters among Iranian cancer patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS This descriptive-correlational study was u...

Betting and prediction markets provide a natural environment for testing theories of decision making under uncertainty and price formation. The uncertainty about the value of the assets traded in these markets is resolved unambiguously, and the outcome is observed publicly. In most cases it is also reasonable to presume that the realized outcomes are exogenous with respect to market prices. In ...

This study assesses the reported farm income crisis in Canada and uses farm financial data to illustrate the importance and impact that management skills and practices have on farm income and net worth. For grain and oilseed farms, large farms produce higher revenues per hectare and achieve economies of scale on operating expenses, interest and depreciation, making them significantly more profi...

OBJECTIVE This study explores the views of Lebanese hospitals on the worthiness of accreditation vis-à-vis its associated expenses in addition to examining the type and source of financial investments incurred during the accreditation process. DESIGN Observational cross-sectional design. PARTICIPANTS All private short-stay hospitals registered with the Syndicate of Private Hospitals in Leba...

Table 1. Financial Statement of Government X for year Y Revenue Levied through the Government’s Power Direct Taxation 21,260 Indirect Taxation 11,722 Compulsory fees, fines, penalties and levies 258 Sub Total 33,240 Earned through the Government’s Operations Investment Income 1,154 Unrealized gains(losses) arising from changes in the value of commercial forests 78 Other operational revenue 420 ...

This report focuses on two questions of current interest to policymakers. First, "What percent of U.S. families experience financially burdensome health expenses?" and, second, "What are the determinants of financially burdensome health expenses among U.S. families?" The first question is addressed by examining how the distribution in the United States of families with financially burdensome he...

The influence and importance of research and development (R&D) for business 10 sustainability have gained increasing interests, especially in the high-tech sector. However, the 11 efforts of R&D might cause complex and mixed impacts on the financial results considering the 12 associated expenses. Thus, this study aims to examine how R&D efforts may influence business to 13 improve its financial...

In the article Russian and foreign experience of financial planning of budget expenditures is examined. Methodological and methodical approaches of financial planning expenses are examined, clarified, systematized and structured. Special attention is given to approaches to the valuation of government (municipal) services in order to improve the quality of budgeting by identifying the most neede...