Vertebrate central nervous system develops from a neural tube derived from the embryonic ectoderm. In mouse, the neural tube around embryonic day 10 primarily consists of neural precursor cells (NPCs). During the development of embryonic central nervous system, NPCs proliferate and migrate outward; thus later stages show NPCs toward the lumen of the neural tube and neurofilament-positive differ...

this paper presents a new model for predicting the compressive strength of steel-confined concrete on circular concrete filled steel tube (ccfst) stub columns under axial loading condition based on artificial neural networks (anns) by using a large wide of experimental investigations. the input parameters were selected based on past studies such as outer diameter of column, compressive strength...

What Are Neural Tube Defects? Neural tube defects are problems with the cranium (brain and skull) or spine (spinal cord and backbone) that can occur in fetuses during early pregnancy. These problems occur when the neural tube, an important embryonic structure, does not close properly. The 2 major types of neural tube defects are anencephaly (in which parts of the brain are not formed properly) ...

BACKGROUND A precise temporal and spatial regulation of gene expression is necessary to achieve neural tube closure. Med12, a subunit of the mediator complex, can bind transcription factors and modulate expression of their target genes. Med12 is essential during early mouse development and is important for neural tube closure. METHODS We have made use of a mouse line carrying a conditional nu...

OBJECTIVE To verify whether Down's syndrome and neural tube defects arise more often in the same family than expected by chance. DESIGN Population and familial survey. SETTING Network of maternity hospitals in the Latin American collaborative study of congenital malformations (ECLAMC) in Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador, Paraguay, Peru, Uruguay, and Venezuela between 198...

Many maternal disorders that modify the embryonic microenvironment, such as a change in osmolarity, can affect development, but how these changes influence the early embryo remains obscure. Neural tube defects, for example, are common congenital disorders found in fetus and neonates. In this study, we investigated the impact of anisotonic osmolarity (unequal osmotic pressures) on neural tube de...

Evidence is presented to support the recent suggestion that human neural tube closure is similar to that observed in mice, and comprises several regionally distinct closure sites rather than being a simple zipping up process. Seven subjects, each with more than one neural tube defect (NTD), are described. Comparative studies of the location of the lesions in relation to the closed parts of the ...

Neural tube closure is an important and necessary process during the development of the central nervous system. The formation of the neural tube structure from a flat sheet of neural epithelium requires several cell morphogenetic events and tissue dynamics to account for the mechanics of tissue deformation. Cell elongation changes cuboidal cells into columnar cells, and apical constriction then...

In developing vertebrate embryos, Pax3 is expressed in the neural tube and in the paraxial mesoderm that gives rise to skeletal muscles. Pax3 mutants develop muscular and neural tube defects; furthermore, Pax3 is essential for the proper activation of the myogenic determination factor gene, MyoD, during early muscle development and PAX3 chromosomal translocations result in muscle tumors, provid...