The neurotoxic properties of glutamate were first demonstrated in 1957 by Lucas and Newhouse, who showed that systemic administration of glutamate to infant mice caused retinal degeneration. Over the last 4 decades, a direct correlation between the neuroexcitatory and neurotoxic properties of glutamate has been linked to activation of excitatory amino acid receptors. This overactivation leads t...

The importance of alternative splicing in the regulation of diverse biological processes is reflected in the growing list of human diseases associated with known or suspected splicing defects. It is becoming evident that alternative splicing plays a particularly important role in neurologic disease, which is perhaps not surprising given the important role splicing plays in generating complexity...

"Penetrating the Defenses: How Antimicrobial Agents Reach Their Targets"; and "The Problems of Resistance to Antimicrobial Drugs." According to the Preface to the first edition, the text is drawn from lecture notes given to undergraduate students and is aimed at them and at "advanced students in many disciplines," as well as scientists "new to this area of research." As an introduction to the f...

Neurologic complications of celiac disease (CD) include ataxia and peripheral neuropathy, which can be the presenting symptoms and signs. Early diagnosis and intervention could prevent development of further neurologic and systemic complications. Questions remain regarding the prevalence of the neurologic complications, the pathophysiological mechanisms, and the effectiveness of therapy or resp...

S100B in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF-S100B) was measured in calves with 20 neurologic and 21 non-neurologic diseases to clarify its utility as a biomarker for neurologic diseases. The median CSF-S100B value in the neurologic disease group (43.0 ng/ml) was significantly higher than that in the non-neurologic disease group (10.2 ng/ml). As CSF-S100B levels in calves with neurologic diseases widely d...

S100B in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF-S100B) was measured in calves with 20 neurologic and 21 non-neurologic diseases to clarify its utility as a biomarker for neurologic diseases. The median CSF-S100B value in the neurologic disease group (43.0 ng/ml) was significantly higher than that in the non-neurologic disease group (10.2 ng/ml). As CSF-S100B levels in calves with neurologic diseases widely d...

Free radical or oxidative injury may be a fundamental mechanism underlying a number of human neurologic diseases. Therapy using free radical scavengers (antioxidants) has the potential to prevent, delay, or ameliorate many neurologic disorders. However, the biochemistry of oxidative pathobiology is complex, and optimum antioxidant therapeutic options may vary and need to be tailored to individu...

Characterised classically by the association of buccal and genital ulceration and uveitis with hypopyon, Behçet's disease has many other manifestations, amongst which the neurological ones (often referred to as Neuro-Behçet) are important in view of their frequency and their gravity. Anatomically, it produces a subacute haemorrhagic and necrotising meningo-encephalitis, which most typically eff...