objective concern for side-effects of therapy related to treatment of childhood malignancies is becoming an increasingly important topic. in this study, we evaluated extent of vincristine (vcr) induced neurotoxicity in a group of children who underwent chemotherapy, with vcr being part of the regimen. materials & methods in this investigation, for 75 children (54% boys, 46% girls), aged between...

OBJECTIVE To investigate clinical features, iron metabolism and neuroinflammation in Parkinson's disease (PD) patients with sleep disorders (SD). METHODS 211 PD patients were evaluated by Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and a body of scales for motor symptoms and non-motor symptoms. 94 blood and 38 cerebral spinal fluid (CSF) samples were collected and iron and its metabolism-relating p...

Tacrolimus (TAC) is an immunosuppressant drug discovered in 1984 by Fujisawa Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. This drug belongs to the group of calcineurin inhibitors, which has been proven highly effective in preventing acute rejection after transplantation of solid organs. However, neurotoxicity and nephrotoxicity are its major adverse effects. Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) is t...

Acute polyneuropathy in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia is extremely rare, but its onset and association with Guillain-Barré syndrome presents a diagnostic challenge. We report a 5-year-old boy who presented with inability to walk during induction chemotherapy for acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Subsequently he developed painful penile erections, difficulty urinating and swallowing. Be...

The ring-substituted amphetamine derivative 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) or "Ecstasy" is widely used a recreational drug. It stimulates the release and inhibits the reuptake of serotonin (5-HT) and other neurotransmitters such as dopamine to a lesser extent. The acute boost in monoamine activity can generate feelings of elation, emotional closeness, and sensory pleasure. In the hot ...

Fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) plays an important role in nerve function by regulating the action of endocannabinoids (e.g., anandamide) and hydrolyzing a sleep-inducing factor (oleamide). Several organophosphorus pesticides and related compounds are shown in this study to be more potent in vivo inhibitors of mouse brain FAAH than neuropathy target esterase (NTE), raising the question of the...

Despite the success of liver transplantation, long-term complications remain, including de novo malignancies, metabolic syndrome, and the recurrence of hepatitis C virus (HCV) and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The current mainstay of treatment, calcineurin inhibitors (CNIs), can also worsen posttransplant renal dysfunction, neurotoxicity, and diabetes. Clearly there is a need for better immun...

This review examines the interaction of steroid hormones, glucocorticoids and estrogen, and gp120, a possible causal agent of acquired immune deficiency syndrome-related dementia complex. The first part of the review examines the data and mechanisms by which gp120 may cause neurotoxicity and by which these steroid hormones effect cell death in general. The second part of the review summarizes r...

a series of 3-alkoxy-4-(4-(hexyloxy/heptyloxy) phenyl)-4h-1,2,4-triazole was synthesized. the anticonvulsant effect and neurotoxicity of the compounds were calculated with maximal electroshock (mes) test and rotarod tests with intraperitoneally injected mice. among the synthesized compounds, compound 3-heptyloxy-4-(4-(hexyloxy) phenyl)-4h-1,2,4-triazole (5f) was the most active one and also had...

background: the use of organophosphates (ops) in developing countries is rising in large quantities and non-secure methods. this problem not only causes acute poisoning but also may lead to chronic diseases such as polyneuropathy. in iran, 60% of pesticides are organophosphate compounds that may lead to delayed polyneuropathy. objectives: the purpose of the current study was to evaluate delayed...