Weak equivalences of simplicial presheaves are usually defined in terms of sheaves of homotopy groups. We give another characterization using relative-homotopy-liftings, and develop the tools necessary to prove that this agrees with the usual definition. From our lifting criteria we are able to prove some foundational (but new) results about the local homotopy theory of simplicial presheaves.

A new definition of the homotopy analysis method is given by means of the decomposition method in this paper. The convergence of the homotopy decomposition method is proved under some reasonable hypotheses, which provide the theoretical basis of the homotopy decomposition method for solving nonlinear problems. AMS subject classification: 34A34.

In this paper, we tried to accelerate the rate of convergence in solving second-order Fredholm type Integro-differential equations using a new method which is based on Improved homotopy perturbation method (IHPM) and applying accelerating parameters. This method is very simple and the result is obtained very fast.  

Homotopy And Simple Homotopy Theory We may not be able to make you love reading, but abstract homotopy and simple homotopy theory will lead you to love reading starting from now. Book is the window to open the new world. The world that you want is in the better stage and level. World will always guide you to even the prestige stage of the life. You know, this is some of how reading will give yo...

Our aim is to present some common fixed point theorems in bipolar metric spaces via certain contractive conditions. Some  examples have been provided to illustrate the effectiveness of new results. At the end, we give two applications dealing with homotopy theory and integral equations.

The eigenvalues of a matrix A are the zeros of its characteristic polynomial fiX) = dtt[A XI]. With Hyman's method of determinant evaluation, a new homotopy continuation method, homotopy-determinant method, is developed in this paper for finding all eigenvalues of a real upper Hessenberg matrix. In contrast to other homotopy continuation methods, the homotopy-determinant method calculates eigen...

Homotopy type theory is a new branch of mathematics, based on a recently discovered connection between homotopy theory and type theory, which brings new ideas into the very foundation of mathematics. On the one hand, Voevodsky's subtle and beautiful"univalence axiom"implies that isomorphic structures can be identified. On the other hand,"higher inductive types"provide direct, logical descriptio...

Implementing an idea due to John Baez and James Dolan we define new invariants of Whitney stratified manifolds by considering the homotopy theory of smooth transversal maps. To each Whitney stratified manifold we assign transversal homotopy monoids, one for each natural number. The assignment is functorial for a natural class of maps which we call stratified normal submersions. When the stratif...

A b str act . Let Σ be the image of a topological embedding of Sn−2 into Sn. In this paper the homotopy groups of the complement Sn−Σ are studied. In contrast with the situation in the smooth and piecewise linear categories, it is shown that the first nonstandard homotopy group of the complement of such a topological knot can occur in any dimension in the range 1 through n − 2. If the first non...

We define a new method for global optimization, the Homotopy Optimization Method (HOM). This method differs from previous homotopy and continuation methods in that its aim is to find a minimizer for each of a set of values of the homotopy parameter, rather than to follow a path of minimizers. We define a second method, called HOPE, by allowing HOM to follow an ensemble of points obtained by per...