Passively acquired antibodies through colostrum will protect calves against etiological agents of neonatal calf diarrhea. Among them enteric diseases due to strains of Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) are the most commonly occurring form of colibacillosis in newborn calves. Specific antibodies against whole ETEC cells and total immunoglobulin G in dam serum, colostrum and calf serum were...

The newborn immune system is characterized by an impaired Th1-associated immune response. Hepatitis B virus (HBV) transmitted from infected mothers to newborns is thought to exploit the newborns' immune system immaturity by inducing a state of immune tolerance that facilitates HBV persistence. Contrary to this hypothesis, we demonstrate here that HBV exposure in utero triggers a state of traine...

It was demonstrated that newborn mice, surviving an infection with attenuated herpes simplex virus, become resistant to challenge with a pathogenic strain of herpes simplex virus. This resistance did not seem to be mediated by antibody.

BACKGROUND We previously determined that newborn piglets orally gavaged with Ovalbumin (OVA) responded to systemic OVA re-exposure with tolerance; if adjuvants were included in oral vaccine, piglets responded with antibody-mediated immunity (Vet Immunol Immunopathol 161(3-4):211-21, 2014). Here, we will investigate whether newborn piglets gavaged with a vaccine comprised of OVA plus unmethylate...

Maternal immunity to measles was studied in a group of 500 newborn children and another group of 500 children aged one to 12 months, before vaccination. The geometric mean titer of detectable hemagglutination-inhibition antibody was 16 for newborn children. This titer was absent in most children aged 3 to 5 months. Our previous studies indicate that from 1970 to 1972, children from the lower so...

Diphtheria morbidity in the Czech part of former Czechoslovakia showed a continuous downward trend between 1946 and 1974. Afterwards, sporadic cases of diphtheria were reported in some years. Compulsory vaccination against diphtheria was started in 1946 with a monovaccine, later replaced by bivaccine DiTe. Since 1958, newborns have been vaccinated with DiTePe vaccine. As many as 98% to 100% of ...

Subunit vaccine formulations often include adjuvants that primarily stimulate innate immune cells. While young infants represent the major target population for vaccination, effective immunization in this age group remains a challenge. Many parameters of innate immune responses differ quantitatively and qualitatively from newborns to infants and adults, revealing a highly regulated developmenta...