The hybrid SOM-NG algorithm was formulated to improve the quantization precision in Self Organizing Maps by the means of combine both SOM and Neural Gas properties using a parameter γ to tune the topology preservation. A supervised learning algorithm is proposed to take advantage of the balanced hybrid algorithm. The proposed algorithm makes a linear approximation of the goal function for every...

We introduce a novel method called constant encoding, which can be used to tamper-proof a software watermark that is embedded in the dynamic data structures of a program. Our novel tamperproofing method is based on transforming numeric or non-numeric constant values in the text of the watermarked program into function calls whose value depends on the watermark data structure. Under reasonable a...

TO THE EDITOR—We thank Drs Ng and Tan for their interesting data from Singapore and for their feedback on our review [1, 2]. The high rates of accuracy and acceptability reported from Singapore are encouraging. We agree that pricing and willingness to pay are essential considerations that are likely to vary substantially from one setting to the next. We also agree that it will be unfortunate if...

The construction industry in the United States has experienced a remarkable downturn in the past five years. In the mid 1980s, new housing starts averaged nearly 1.8 million per year, slightly below the record pace of 2 million per year in the late 1970s. By 1991, however, the number of new housing starts was just above 1 million. The share of GNP devoted to residential investment fell to 3.3 p...

This study was conducted to investigate the low prevalence of Dirofilaria immitis in dogs in Johor Bahru as reported by veterinary practitioners, using wet blood mount, Knott’s Concentration Test and two heartworm antigen test kits (IDEXX Canine SNAP® 4Dx and RapiGEN®). This study also compared the two test kits used and determined the microfilaria species. Blood were collected from 100 owned d...

Isa sa tuon ng kasalukuyang kurikulum ay ang malinang kakayahang panggramatika mga mag-aaral. Pokus pag-aaral na ito kompetensing unang markahan kabilang Most Essential Learning Competencies o MELCs. Mahalaga pagsipat mag-aaral upang matugunan anumang gap at makabuo angkop dulog maiangat Ang pagkatuto gramatika kapaki-pakinabang lalo pa nilang mapaunlad pagsulat pagsasalita tungo mahusay komuni...