Nicotine use is a major public health problem that increases medical morbidity and mortality. Nicotine's action and the pathobiology of schizophrenic disorders have common neurobiological substrates. Tobacco smoking alters medication blood levels and effectiveness, modifies psychiatric symptoms, and is a clue for other substance abuse. This article presents an evaluation of a smoking cessation ...

OBJECTIVES To investigate the effectiveness of telephone counselling as an adjunct to nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) by transdermal patch in smoking cessation. DESIGN Randomised controlled trial. PARTICIPANTS AND SETTING 854 smokers from New South Wales, aged 18 years and older, who had smoked at least 10 cigarettes per day for the past year and responded to newspaper advertisements bet...

Nicotine dependence is a major cause of mortality and morbidity all over the world. Various medications have been tried to treat nicotine dependence including nicotine replacement therapy, bupropion, and varenicline. A newer venture to nicotine dependence treatment is a nicotine vaccine which is yet to get footsteps in common practice. The present review assimilates various pharmacotherapeutic ...

BACKGROUND Many surgical patients are dependent on nicotine. Smoke-free policies in healthcare facilities mandate abstinence from smoking, which could contribute to psychological stress in the perioperative period. The authors tested the hypothesis that nicotine replacement therapy decreases psychological stress in cigarette smokers scheduled to undergo elective surgery and determined whether n...

Background: Smoking and other forms of tobacco use remain the most significant worldwide public health problem. The dental practice is being identified as potential location for smoking cessation activity. Nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) promotes the chances of tobacco cessation, however, evidence related to prescription of the NRT in dental settings is lacking. This study aimed to assess an...

OBJECTIVE To determine the efficacy of a 22-mg nicotine patch combined with the National Cancer Institute program for physician advice and nurse follow-up in providing withdrawal symptom relief, 1-year smoking cessation outcome, and percentage of nicotine replacement. DESIGN Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. SUBJECTS Two-hundred forty healthy volunteers who were smoking at...

Professional obligations to curb the prevalence of cigarette smoking reflect the importance of this preventable risk factor for innumerable diseases. These include chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and oral, lung and other cancers, although the morbidity and mortality rates for cerebrovascular disease (e.g., ischemic strokes) and cardiovascular disease (e.g., ischemic myocardial infarction)...