This article reframes the debate on validation of non-formal and informal learning by connecting it to sociology education curriculum studies literatures. Building these literatures, differentiates between four types validation: (a) covert implicit, (b) but embedded, (c) overt functional (d) institutional. Based this classification, I problematise widespread view that there is little in formal ...

patients and methods the study was designed as descriptive and comparative. the study sample consisted of 420 working and 482 nonworking adolescents (n = 902) aged 15 - 20 years, who were randomly recruited from two occupational education centers in istanbul, turkey and two high schools (formal educations) in the same district. results adolescent subjective wellbeing scale (asws) total mean (sd...

Non-formal education is practical or training for the community that still carried out by to increase knowledge and interest in talent themselves. The purpose of this study find about Muhammadiyah non-formal education, goals benefits characteristics forms Muhammadiyah. data collection techniques were interviews observations, with resource persons Mrs. Sumjiana (managers) observations research a...