Vegetarians, those who avoid meat, and vegans, additionally avoiding dairy and eggs, represent 5% and 2%, respectively, of the US population. The aim of this review is to assess the effects of vegetarian diets, particularly strict vegetarian diets (i.e., vegans) on health and disease outcomes. We summarized available evidence from three prospective cohorts of Adventists in North America: Advent...

In a randomised crossover trial 58 subjects aged 30-64 with mild untreated hypertension were allocated either to a control group eating a typical omnivorous diet or to one of two groups eating an ovolactovegetarian diet for one of two six week periods. A fall in systolic blood pressure of the order of 5 mm Hg occurred during the vegetarian diet periods, with a corresponding rise on resuming a m...

BACKGROUND Few previous prospective studies have examined differences in incident ischemic heart disease (IHD) risk between vegetarians and nonvegetarians. OBJECTIVE The objective was to examine the association of a vegetarian diet with risk of incident (nonfatal and fatal) IHD. DESIGN A total of 44,561 men and women living in England and Scotland who were enrolled in the European Prospecti...

Previous studies have suggested an association between vegetarian persons and non-vegetarian persons, although this relationship positive correlation significant. The present study was designed to investigate comparative study of lipid profile levels in vegetarian and nonvegetarian person. The lipid profile is used to determine the risk of obesity, heart disease in myocardial infarction, athero...

The three most common motives for plant-based diets in western populations are health, the environment, and animal rights. This study compares structure, endorsement rates, personality correlates of these among vegetarian omnivorous (i.e., non-vegetarian) respondents. We found evidence configural, metric, scalar equivalence measurement across vegetarians omnivores, suggesting that diet function...

A vegetarian diet may be adopted for various reasons that can include ecological, economic, religious, ethical and health considerations. In the latter case they arise from the desire to lose weight, in tackling obesity, improving physical fitness and/or in reducing the risk of acquiring certain diseases. It has been shown that properly applied vegetarian diet is the most effective way of reduc...

People who eat out in urban are more common than ever before. However, restaurant foods are often high in calories, and lack for enough vegetables. Moreover, they provide too many calories from animal fat and protein resulting in a high risk of cardiovascular and other chronic diseases. Furthermore, a diet high in animal products contributes to global warming. For these reasons, a vegetarian di...

The available evidence supports neither a beneficial nor a detrimental effect of a vegetarian diet on physical performance capacity, especially when carbohydrate intake is controlled for. Concerns have been raised that an emphasis on plant foods to enhance carbohydrate intake and optimize body glycogen stores may lead to increases in dietary fiber and phytic acid intake to concentrations that r...

It is the position of the American Dietetic Association that appropriately planned vegetarian diets, including total vegetarian or vegan diets, are healthful, nutritionally adequate, and may provide health benefits in the prevention and treatment of certain diseases. Well-planned vegetarian diets are appropriate for individuals during all stages of the life cycle, including pregnancy, lactation...