this research study aimed at investigating whether using peer-provided feedbacks rather than teacher-provided comments would result in any significance difference in iranian english undergraduate students’ ability in writing. in so doing, based on a pretest (an opt & a writing exam), 40 subjects were assigned to two homogeneous groups of equal number the subjects in the control group received m...

This paper concerns the theory of intuitionistic fuzzy sets according to Atanassov. If triangular norms, especially nonstrict Archimedean ones, are used, we propose a revision and a flexibilizing generalization of some fundamental notions and constructions of that theory. Its application to group decision making is outlined.

We present the rst source-level prooler for a compiled, nonstrict, higher-order, purely functional language capable of measuring time as well as space usage. Our prooler is implemented in a production-quality optimizing compiler for Haskell and can successfully proole large applications. A unique feature of our approach is that we give a formal speciication of the attribution of execution costs...

this research explores the effects of three computer-mediated feedback modalities, that is, elicitation, recast, and meta-linguistics, on the learning of english participial, gerund, and infinitival phrases among iranian intermediate-level efl learners. the overriding focus of the present study was to investigate whether different types of feedback given through form-focused computer-human exch...

Chemostat models provide the foundation for much current research in bioengineering, ecology, and population biology [8]. In engineering, the chemostat is known as the continuous-stirred tank reactor. It is used to model the dynamics of interacting organisms in waste-water treatment plants, lakes and oceans, and in biomedical contexts. The basic mathematical model of the chemostat is a system o...

A population of fully rational agents play a symmetric 2-player game in biological fitnesses, but each agent’s play is determined by his payoffs, which are free to evolve according to “survival of the fittest” pressures. An equilibrium-selection mechanism is assumed to exist, and deliver a unique outcome for any given profile of payoffs; this allows the evolution of payoffs to be modeled as a w...