Increasing the resolution of semblance-based velocity spectra, or semblance spectra, can improve the accuracy of normal moveout velocity estimates. The resolution of semblance spectra depends on the sensitivity of semblance to changes in velocity. By weighting terms in the semblance calculation that are more sensitive to changes in velocity, we can increase resolution. Our implementation of wei...

Extended images obtained from reverse-time migration (RTM) contain information about the accuracy of the velocity field and subsurface illumination at different incidence angles. Here, we evaluate the influence of errors in the anisotropy parameters on the residual moveout (RMO) in P-wave extended images obtained with RTM for VTI (transversely isotropic with a vertical symmetry axis) media. Ass...

Reverse-time migration can accurately image complex geologic structures in anisotropic media. Extended images at selected locations in the earth, i.e. at commonimage-point gathers (CIPs), carry rich information to characterize the angle-dependent illumination and to provide measurements for migration velocity analysis. However, characterizing the anisotropy influence on such extended images is ...

Reverse-time migration can accurately image complex geologic structures in anisotropic media. Extended images at selected locations in the Earth, i.e., at commonimage-point gathers, carry rich information to characterize the angle-dependent illumination and to provide measurements for migration velocity analysis. However, characterizing the anisotropy influence on such extended images is a chal...

Wave-equation dip moveout (DMO) addresses the DMO amplitude problem of finding an algorithm which faithfully preserves angular reflectivity while processing data to zero offset. Only three fundamentally different theoretical approaches to the DMO amplitude problem have been proposed: (1) mathematical decomposition of a prestack migration operator; (2) intuitively accounting for specific amplitu...

Building accurate interval velocity models is critically important for seismic imaging and amplitude inversion. Here, we adapt the so-called “PP+PS=SS” method to devise an exact technique for constructing the interval traveltime-offset function in a target zone beneath a horizontally layered overburden. The algorithm is designed for arbitrarily anisotropic target layers, but the overburden is a...

Reflection seismic data continuation is the computation of data at source and receiver locations that differ from those in the original data, using whatever data are available. We develop a general theory of data continuation in the presence of caustics and illustrate it with three examples: dip moveout (DMO), azimuth moveout (AMO), and offset continuation. This theory does not require knowledg...

Abstract With the development of seismic surveys and decline shallow petroleum resources, high resolution signal-to-noise ratio have become more important in processing. To improve quality data, stationary-phase migration based on dip-angle gathers can be used to separate reflected waves noise. However, this method is very computationally intensive heavily dependent expert experience. Neural ne...

Water-bottom multiples from a dipping interface have the same kinematics in a Common Midpoint (CMP) gather as a primary from a reflector with twice the dip at twice the perpendicular depth at the CMP location. When migrated with the velocity of the primaries, these multiples are overmigrated just as primaries migrated with higher velocity, and their moveout is thus predictable in image space. D...