We have studied the possible vasodepressor role of the renal medulla by chemical medullectomy. Bromoethylamine hydrobromide (200 mg/kg) was injected to induce selective renal medullary necrosis in rats. The acute effects on sodium balance and long-term effects on blood pressure, plasma renin concentration (PRC) and urinary prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) were studied and compared with saline injected c...

Objective: Due to worldwide variations, reference values of urinary calcium to creatinine ratio in pediatric population are not yet well established. To determine normal values for urinary calcium to creatinine ratio and its relation to urinary sodium or potassium, a descriptive (correlation type) study was conducted in 7 to 12 years old healthy children in Urmia, Iran. Methods: Primary school ...

We measured renal sodium and water excretion in five healthy male volunteers who inhaled nitric oxide. Urine volumes, urinary sodium and creatinine, and plasma sodium and creatinine were measured before, during and after a 2-h period inhaling nitric oxide (40 vpm in air). A control experiment, excluding the nitric oxide, was done on a separate day. Nitric oxide increased urinary volume (mean in...

3 PharmaEast GmbH, Berlin, Germany There is increasing evidence indicating that certain drugs evoke adverse drug effects that depend on the gender of patients. Elucidation of gender-effect of various drugs by means of preclinical trials is an important field of pharmacology. The chloriuretic and natriuretic effect of valproates (VPA) had not been investigated earlier, so the aim of the present ...

The objective was to analyse whether the activity of the cytochrome P450 isoenzyme CYP3A4 is altered by disease activity of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Urinary 6b-hydroxycortisol excretion, expressed as a fraction of the urinary creatinine output, was measured in 21 patients with RA treated with three different disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (DMARDs) over 24 weeks. There were no correlat...

BACKGROUND Data from studies assessing the intake of potassium, and the concomitant sodium-to-potassium ratio are limited. The aim of this study was to evaluate potassium and sodium-to-potassium ratio intake in 8-10 year-old children. METHODS A cross-sectional survey was carried out from January to June 2014 and data from 163 children (81 boys) were included. Potassium intake was estimated by...

INTRODUCTION Urinary indices have limited effectiveness in separating transient acute kidney injury (AKI) from persistent AKI in ICU patients. Their time-course may vary with the mechanism of AKI. The primary objective of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic value of changes over time of the usual urinary indices in separating transient AKI from persistent AKI. METHODS An observational p...

This study aimed to evaluate the urinary excretion of sodium and potassium, and to estimate the main food sources of sodium in Maputo dwellers. A cross-sectional evaluation of a sample of 100 hospital workers was conducted between October 2012 and May 2013. Sodium and potassium urinary excretion was assessed in a 24-h urine sample; creatinine excretion was used to exclude unlikely urine values....

We conducted a descriptive case study to examine the effects of sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors on urinary angiotensinogen excretion, which represents the function of the intrarenal renin-angiotensin system, in patients with type 2 diabetes. An SGLT2 inhibitor (canagliflozin 100 mg/day, ipragliflozin 25 mg/day, dapagliflozin 5 mg/day, luseogliflozin 2.5 mg/day or tofogliflozin...