severe acute respiratory syndrome (sars) is a fetal communicable respiratory disease, known as atypical pneumonia. this disease first appeared in china on november 2002 and spread very fast in various parts of the world especially in asia. number of reported cases of sars from november 2002 to may 2003 were about 8046 of which 6825 patients died. sars is caused by coronavirus, and symptoms of d...

In 2003, Hong Kong experienced an outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) and incurred huge economic and social losses. Immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridisation of organs from deceased SARS patients revealed that the virus was not only in the lungs and intestines, but also in the liver, distal convoluted renal tubules, sweat glands, parathyroid glands, pituitary gland, pancre...

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New Coronavirus which is called 2019-Novel-Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) or Severe acute respiratory Syndrome-Coronavirus 2 (SARS-Cov-2) causes deadly pneumonia that first appeared in December 2019 in Wuhan city in China. This virus spreads over the world quickly and made several problems to the community and health care system. Several drugs have been tried to manage COVID-19; however, our knowledge...

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Nonstructural protein 15 (Nsp15) of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) produced in Escherichia coli has endoribonuclease activity that preferentially cleaved 5' of uridylates of RNAs. Blocking either the 5' or 3' terminus did not affect cleavage. Double- and single-stranded RNAs were both substrates for Nsp15 but with different kinetics for cleavage. Mn(2+) at 2 to 10 ...

In 2007, a novel coronavirus associated with an acute respiratory disease in alpacas (Alpaca Coronavirus, ACoV) was isolated. Full-length genomic sequencing of the ACoV demonstrated the genome to be consistent with other Alphacoronaviruses. A putative additional open-reading frame was identified between the nucleocapsid gene and 3'UTR. The ACoV was genetically most similar to the common human c...

During the course of novel coronavirus pandemic ,Shariati hospital in Tehran , as a tertiary center in both orthopedictrauma and COVID-19 , we detected 7 cases with definite diagnosis of COVID-19 and concomitant emergent orthopedicproblem.This paper represents considerations and special issues in managing and decision making in these patients.Level of evidence: IV

UNLABELLED Although the severe acute respiratory syndrome-associated coronavirus (SARS-CoV) epidemic was controlled by nonvaccine measures, coronaviruses remain a major threat to human health. The design of optimal coronavirus vaccines therefore remains a priority. Such vaccines present major challenges: coronavirus immunity often wanes rapidly, individuals needing to be protected include the e...