in this study, we investigated the errors native speakers of farsi commit when rating the esl essays, using a many-facet rasch measurement approach. to that end, two native speakers of farsi rated 56 essays which 28 male and female advanced language learners learning farsi as a second language at persian language centre at imam khomeini international university in qazvin, iran wrote on two topi...

Few, if any, studies have investigated the effect of professional experience as a rater variable and type of assessment as a task variable on raters’ criteria in the assessment of speech acts. This study aimed to explore the impact of nonnative teachers’ professional experience on the use of criteria in monologic and dialogic assessment of 12 role-plays of 3 apology speech acts. To this end, 60...

background & aim : stress is a common phenomenon in nursing profession, but novice nurses usually experience more stress. this stress can result in job dissatisfaction and quitting the occupation. this study aimed to explore the novice nurses’ experience of stress at the beginning of their clinical practice. methods & materials : this study was conducted using a qualitative content analysis. th...

The need to measure the degree of agreement among R raters who independently classify n subjects within K nominal categories is frequent in many scientific areas. most popular measures are Cohen's kappa (R = 2), Fleiss' kappa, Conger's and Hubert's $\geq$ 2) coefficients, which have several defects. In 2004, delta coefficient was defined for case 2, did not defects coefficient. This article ext...