Experiments measuring the single-cycle impulse from detonation tubes with nozzles were conducted by hanging the tubes in a ballistic pendulum arrangement within a large tank. The detonation-tube nozzle and surrounding tank were initiallyfilledwith air between 1.4 and 100kPa in pressure simulating high-altitude conditions.A stoichiometric ethylene–oxygen mixture at an initial pressure of 80 kPa ...

The maximum entropy principle (MEP), which has been popular in the modeling of droplet size and velocity distribution in sprays, is, strictly speaking, only applicable for isolated systems in thermodynamic equilibrium; whereas the spray formation processes are irreversible and non-isolated with interaction between the atomizing liquid and its surrounding gas medium. In this study, a new model f...

Abstract Experimental investigations were performed on the hollow-cone spray of viscous liquids in high-pressure gas environment, aiming to obtain fundamental knowledge which was indispensable to survey the applicability of non-conventional new liquid fuels for the gas-turbine power-plant. Test liquid employed were water, diesel fuel, palm methyl ester (PME) and silicone-oil #10. The ambient ga...

Visualization study of bubble growth with multiple tangential nozzles is investigated in a bubble absorber. Bubble behavior is studied with different flowing condition like still, co-current and counter-current flow of water. Effect of air flow rate, water flow rate, nozzle diameters, number of nozzles and orientation of nozzle angle with reference to vertical plane on bubble diameter is studie...

The pinch-off of an air bubble from an underwater nozzle ends in a singularity with a remarkable sensitivity to a variety of perturbations. I report on experiments that break both the axial (i.e., vertical) and azimuthal symmetry of the singularity formation. The density of the inner gas influences the axial asymmetry of the neck near pinch-off. For denser gases, flow through the neck late in c...

A pilot model of the hypersonic rarefied wind-tunnel (HRWT) has been developed and its flow characteristics have been measured. The HRWT consists of a gas heater which produces an increase in working gas temperature, an expansion nozzle with a large expansion ratio, a vacuum chamber as the test section, and an evacuation system with high exhaust velocity to allow a continuous operation at low a...

The quality of continuous-cast steel is greatly influenced by fluid flow in the mold, particularly at the meniscus. Recent examples of computational model applications at the University of Illinois are presented to investigate the formation of several different types of defects related to flow phenomena. The amount of gas injection into the tundish nozzle to avoid air aspiration is quantified b...

A jet is a stream of one fluid entering another at high speed. In the simplest classical model of jet flow, the geometry is two-dimensional, gravity and viscosity are ignored, the moving fluid is a liquid, and the stationary fluid is a gas whose influence is assumed negligible. The description of this idealized flow can be reduced to a problem of complex analysis, but, except for very simple no...

pontryagin's principle is used to study the shape of the supersonic part of the nozzle of a carbon dioxide gas-dynamic laser whose gain is maximal. the exact shape is obtained for the uncoupled approximation of anderson's bimodal model. in this case, if sharp corners are allowed, the ceiling of the supersonic part consists of a slant rectangular sheet followed by a horizontal one; oth...

An empirical frictional correction factor to the isentropic nozzle model has been developed for application to leakage modeling in scroll, rotary and other similar compressors. This correction factor is derived by calculating the leakage mass flow with a compressible, variable area, real gas properties model and then correlating the ratio of this flow to the isentropic nozzle model prediction. ...