1980s. Am J Med Genet 1989;34:366–390. 18. Makrydimas G, Sotiriadis A, Huggon IC, Simpson J, Sharland G, Carvalho JS, Daubeney PE, Ioannidis JP. Nuchal translucency and fetal cardiac defects: a pooled analysis of major fetal echocardiography centers. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2005;192:89–95. 19. Atzei A, Gajewska K, Huggon IC, Allan L, Nicolaides KH. Relationship between nuchal translucency thickness...

Background: To evaluate the role of 3D, 4D and color Doppler ultrasound (US) in the assessment of early human development. Materials and Methods: 380 women with uncomplicated early pregnancy between 5 and 14 weeks were evaluated by 3D, 4D and color Doppler US. Results: Regression analysis revealed exponential rise of the gestational sac volume with gestational age throughout the first trimester...

In a study of 50 cases of trisomy 18 compared with 947 controls we have found the median multiple of the median (MoM) of maternal serum free human chorionic gonadotrophin to be significantly decreased (0.281 MoM) in samples collected between the 10th and 14th week of gestation. Similarly, maternal serum pregnancy associated plasma protein A (PAPP-A) levels are also decreased (0.177 MoM), whilst...

OBJECTIVE To compare the effects, safety, and cost effectiveness of antenatal screening strategies for Down's syndrome. DESIGN Analysis of incremental cost effectiveness. SETTING United Kingdom. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Number of liveborn babies with Down's syndrome, miscarriages due to chorionic villus sampling or amniocentesis, health care costs of screening programme, and additional costs...

Nuchal translucency (NT) is the assessment of the amount of fluid behind the neck of the fetus, also known as the nuchal fold. An anechoic space is visible and measurable sonographically in all fetuses between the 11th and the 14th week of the pregnancy (Figure 1). Underlying patho‐ physiological mechanisms for nuchal fluid collection under the skin include cardiac dysfunc‐ tion, venous congest...

OBJECTIVE Increased nuchal translucency originates from disturbed lymphatic development. Abnormal neural crest cell (NCC) migration may be involved in lymphatic development. Because both neuronal and lymphatic development share retinoic acid (RA) as a common factor, this study investigated the involvement of NCCs and RA in specific steps in lymphatic endothelial cell (LEC) differentiation and n...

Professor Wald and his team (Wald et al., 2004) have remodelled the already modelled SURUSS data (Wald et al., 2003a) to claim, firstly, that their results are now similar to those of the multicentre study co-ordinated by the Fetal Medicine Foundation (Snijders et al., 1998), and, secondly, that the gestation of choice for nuchal translucency (NT) measurement is 10 weeks. The latest modelling e...

AIM To evaluate the prevalence of increased nuchal translucency (NT) in multiple pregnancies and its relation to fetal karyotype and pregnancy outcome. METHODS We measured fetal nuchal translucency (NT) in 6,338 women pregnant from 10+3 to 13+6 weeks by ultrasound and evaluated the prevalence of NT=95th centile in 115 multiple pregnancies, including 100 pairs of twins (70 dichorionic and 30 m...

objective: the aim of this study was to investigate the translucency of resin-modified glass-ionomer cements (rmgic) and polyacid-modified composite resin (pcmr) over a period of one year. materials and methods: the study was done on three rmgic (fuji ii lc, photac-fil aplicap and vitremer) and one pcmr (dyract). a conventional gic (fuji cap ii) and two composite resins (tetric and z 100) were ...