BACKGROUND Inflammation is induced in the heart during the development of cardiac hypertrophy. The initiating mechanisms and the role of inflammation in cardiac hypertrophy, however, remain unclear. Toll-like receptor-2 (TLR2) recognizes endogenous molecules that induce noninfectious inflammation. Here, we examined the role of TLR2-mediated inflammation in cardiac hypertrophy. METHODS AND RES...

Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-gamma is required for adipogenesis but is also found in the cardiovascular system, where it has been proposed to oppose inflammatory pathways and act as a growth suppressor. PPAR-gamma agonists, thiazolidinediones (TZDs), inhibit cardiomyocyte growth in vitro and in pressure overload models. Paradoxically, TZDs also induce cardiac hypertrophy in...

Calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) plays a central role in pathological cardiac hypertrophy, but the mechanisms by which it modulates gene activity in the nucleus to mediate hypertrophic signaling remain unclear. Here, we report that nuclear CaMKII activates cardiac transcription by directly binding to chromatin and regulating the phosphorylation of histone H3 at serine-10....

background & aim: lumbar spinal stenosis (lss) is a common condition. this congenital or acquired stenosis has multiple etiologies. the goal of this study was to describe intraoperative pathoanatomic findings of lumbar spinal stenosis observed within a black african population. methods & materials/patients: it was a retrospective and descriptive study performed at departmental teaching hospital...

BACKGROUND Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-alpha (PPAR-alpha) is a lipid-activated nuclear receptor that negatively regulates the vascular inflammatory gene response by interacting with transcription factors, nuclear factor-kappaB, and AP-1. However, the roles of PPAR-alpha activators in endothelin (ET)-1-induced cardiac hypertrophy are not yet known. METHODS AND RESULTS First, in ...

Background—Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor(PPAR) is a lipid-activated nuclear receptor that negatively regulates the vascular inflammatory gene response by interacting with transcription factors, nuclear factorB, and AP-1. However, the roles of PPARactivators in endothelin (ET)-1–induced cardiac hypertrophy are not yet known. Methods and Results—First, in cultured neonatal rat cardio...

Calcineurin is a calcium-dependent phosphatase that is involved in many cellular processes including hypertrophy. Inhibition or genetic loss of calcineurin blocks pathological cardiac hypertrophy and diabetic renal hypertrophy. However, calcineurin does not appear to be involved in physiological cardiac hypertrophy induced by exercise. The role of calcineurin in a compensatory, non-pathological...

Testosterone induces cardiac hypertrophy through a mechanism that involves a concerted crosstalk between cytosolic and nuclear signaling pathways. Nuclear factor of activated T-cells (NFAT) is associated with the promotion of cardiac hypertrophy, glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β) is considered to function as a negative regulator, mainly by modulating NFAT activity. However, the role played b...

RATIONALE Oxidation of cysteine residues in class II histone deacetylases (HDACs), including HDAC4, causes nuclear exit, thereby inducing cardiac hypertrophy. The cellular source of reactive oxygen species responsible for oxidation of HDAC4 remains unknown. OBJECTIVE We investigated whether nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase 4 (Nox4), a major nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide...

introduction: nasal inferior turbinate hypertrophy is one of the most common causes of nasal obstruction. many different surgical methods are currently available. the aim of this study was to review the efficacy and results of radiofrequency turbinatoplasty as a new method in the treatment of the large inferior nasal turbinate. materials and methods: this prospective study was conducted on 50 p...