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Is killing or capturing enemy leaders an effective military tactic? Previous research on interstate war and counterterrorism has suggested that targeting enemy leaders does not work. Drawing on newly collected data on counterinsurgency campaigns, new analysis on the effectiveness of leadership decapitation is presented in this paper. The results suggest that leadership decapitation is more effe...

Abstract More than two decades after the 9/11 attacks, militarised approach to counterterrorism initiated by George W. Bush Administration remains firmly in place. Growing frustration with these actions has prompted debates on ‘forever war’. This article traces origins of war’ interplay neoconservatism and conservative nationalism Administration, which aimed at preserving American primacy throu...

Analysts make competing claims about when and how politicians use fear to gain support for suboptimal policies. Using a model, we clarify how common attributes of fear affect politicians’ abilities to achieve outcomes that are bad for voters. In it, a politician can provide information about a threat. His statement need not be true. How citizens respond differs from most gametheoretic models – ...

Terrorist networks operate in hybrid space where activities in social and geographic spaces are necessary for logistics and security. The Islamist terrorist network is analyzed as a sociospatial system using social network analysis, Geographic Information Science (GISc), and novel techniques designed for hybrid space analyses. This research focuses on identifying distance and sociospatial depen...

Purpose Between 2013 and 2016 Western countries experienced a nearly 600% increase in terrorist attacks. Among the most significant shift terrorism trends during this time is recent focus on civilians crowded places as frequent target. Although have become critical targets for attacks, there remains dearth of research studying or built environment practitioner's role creating that are resilient...