AIMS The development of imaging and measurement techniques has brought the prospect of greater objectivity in the measurement of optic disc features, and therefore better agreement between observers. The purpose of this study was to quantify and compare the variation between observers using two measurement devices. METHODS Optic disc photographs and images from the Heidelberg retina tomograph...

Several aspects of the viewing situation affect the ability to determine heading from optical flow. These include the amount of depth variation and number of texture elements in the scene, the location and amount of the visual field stimulated, and the position of the focus of expansion within the stimulus. Without a quantification of the discrimination information provided by the stimuli prese...

background: the singh index is an inexpensive simple method to evaluate bone density, commonly used to assess osteoporosis is based on the radiological appearance of the trabecular bone structure of the proximal femur on a plain antero-posterior (ap) radiograph. the purpose of this study was to compare between singh index and bone mineral density measurement using dual energy x-ray absorptiomet...

Ten preterm infants were each studied by three observers using a commercial duplex Doppler ultrasound scanner, in order to determine the intra-observer and inter-observer variability in the measurement of pulsatility index (PI) of the anterior cerebral artery. There was considerable difference in estimates of PI, with a mean range of 0.11 between the three observers for each infant. Intra-obser...

This paper discusses two observers, which are used for the estimation of parameters of PMSM. Former one, reduced order observer, which is used to estimate the inaccessible parameters of PMSM. Later one, full order observer, which is used to estimate all the parameters of PMSM even though some of the parameters are directly available for measurement, so as to meet with the insensitivity to the p...