Propagation properties of square, hexagonal and octagonal lattice photonic crystal fibers (PCFs) have been analyzed here for both stressed and unstressed conditions. The analysis has been carried out using finite element method. All types of PCFs are investigated here by varying number of air hole rings with same design and operating parameters. The results show that external stress causes PCFs...

A new approach for multiple attribute group decision making (MAGDM) problems where the attribute weights and the expert weights are real numbers and the attribute values take the form of vague values, is presented in this paper. Since families of ordered weighted averaging (OWA) operators are available in the literature, and only a few available for vague sets, the vague ordered weighted averag...

We present almost linear area bounds for drawing complete trees on the octagonal grid. For 7-ary trees we establish an upper and lower bound of Θ(n1.129) and for ternary trees the bounds of O(n1.048) and Θ(n), where the latter needs edge bends. We explore the unit edge length and area complexity of drawing unordered trees on k-grids with k ∈ {4, 6, 8} and generalize the N P-hardness results of ...

In this paper, the concept of v-filters on lattice implication algebras is introduced by linking the Vague set and filter theory of lattice implication algebras; The properties and equivalent characterizations of v-filters are investigated; The relations between v-filters and filters are studied.

the notion of vague ideals in pseudo mv-algebras is introduced,and several properties are investigated. conditions for a vague set to be avague ideal are provided. conditions for a vague ideal to be implicative aregiven. characterizations of (implicative, prime) vague ideals are discussed.the smallest vague ideal containing a given vague set is established. primeand implicative extension proper...