Semiconductor lasers are known to undergo significant changes in their output characteristics when subjected to external optical perturbations such as near-resonant injection from an external source or optical feedback. Over a range of operating conditions, the perturbations can induce a periodic pulsating output where the pulsation frequency can be controlled by the bias point of the laser(s),...

We proposed a 2.4/5.15 GHz dual-band voltagecontrolled oscillator which consists of a voltage-controlled oscillator and an injection-locked oscillator. Its upper and lower band frequencies are 4.48 5.86 GHz and 2.24 2.93 GHz, respectively. With the power consumption of 3.2 mW, their phase noises are 115 and 121 dBc/Hz at 1 MHz offset. VC 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 5...

We present a new fully self-aligned single-electron memory with a single pair of nano floating gates, made of different materials (Si and Ge). The energy barrier that prevents stored charge leakage is induced not only by quantum effects but also by the conduction-band offset that arises between Ge and Si. The dimensions and position of each floating gate are well-defined and controlled. The dev...

Ocean acidification poses multiple challenges for coral reefs on molecular to ecological scales, yet previous experimental studies of the impact of projected CO₂ concentrations have mostly been done in aquarium systems with corals removed from their natural ecosystem and placed under artificial light and seawater conditions. The Coral-Proto Free Ocean Carbon Enrichment System (CP-FOCE) uses a n...

one of the limitations of orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (ofdm) in many applications is its sensitivity to frequency shifts, errors normally referred to as carrier frequency offset (cfo). although, this small offset is negligible in conventional single carrier communication systems, it is a severe problem in the ofdm systems. because, the carriers in ofdm are inherently closely spac...

A tunable two-frequemcy high-power diode laser system at 850 nm for terahertz (Thz)wave generation by photomixing in lowtemperature-grown GaAs photo-conductors has been developed. The difference frequency is obtained through a three laser system, where two lasers are locked to different orders of a Fabry-Perot cavity and a third is offset-locked to the first, The difference-frequency signal is ...

In order to minimize the influence of electrode polarization and noise in impedance measurements, especially in the low frequency region, current injection shows several advantages compared to voltage application. Although the existence of a great variety of current sources, they meet our requirements only partially. We developed a voltage controlled current source for active front ends for a w...

the effect of gibberellic acid (ga3) and benzyladenine (ba) on aloe vera was evaluated at pot cultivation conditions. this study was performed in two factorial test based on complete random plan and 4 repeats with 12 treatments. the main factor was included spraying, drip and spraying + drip. secondary factor was included concentrations of ga3 and ba at 0, 100, 200 and 400 mg.l-1 levels. the nu...