The energy industry and in particular the Oil Refineries are extremely important elements in Iraq’s infrastructure. A terrorist attack on one oil refinery will have a catastrophic impact on oil production and the whole economy. It can also cause serious damage to the environment and even losses of human lives. The security of information systems and industrial control systems such as Supervisor...

This work addresses the large-scale crude oil scheduling problem of China’s SINOPEC Maoming refinery importing various types of crude oil from two terminals via long-distance pipelines. A hierarchical decomposition approach is employed to construct a two-stage MILP model of the practical refinery operations. In the upper level model, storage and charging tanks are aggregated to determine the in...

Oil refinery waste activated sludge produced from oil wastewater biological treatment is a major industrial sludge. Two-phase anaerobic digestion of oil refinery waste activated sludge was studied for the first time. Thermal pretreatment under 170 °C is effective on sludge solubilization. At the optimum hydrolytic-acidogenic condition which was pH of 6.5, temperature of 55 °C and HRT of 2 days,...

The objective of this paper is the development and solution of nonlinear and mixed-integer (MIP) optimization models for real-world planning and scheduling problems in petroleum refineries. Firstly, we present a nonlinear planning model that represents a general refinery topology and allows implementation of nonlinear process models as well as blending relations. The optimization model is able ...

background: blood hemoglobin can be damaged by toxins such as lead. thus, this study was carried out to assess its blood hemoglobin concentration in the staff of kermanshah oil refinery that had been exposed to lead components. methods: in this study, 150 workers at kermanshah oil refinery were selected as the case group and 70 workers of textile industry factory were chosen as the control grou...

Production planning is a very important step in managing the operation of a single refinery and their complexes. Despite its significance, few contributions have been found in literature and the existing ones rely on linear models. Pinto et al. (Comp. Chem. Engng. 24, 2259-2276, 2000), presented a superstructure that represents a general topology and allows the implementation of nonlinear proce...

Conclusions The highest incidence of allergy was recorded among refinery patients. The present study revealed that the percentages of 80 and 42 pathogenic strains were isolated from 74 and 39 allergic patients with respiratory infections from refinery and nonrefinery hospitalized patients respectively. The high incidence of asthma and respiratory infections in the oil refinery plant could be du...

this study aims to inspect the performance of the wastewater treatment system of the pars oil refinery. quantity and quality of wastewater are determined through samplings and measurements. the performance of system is evaluated considering total suspended solids, total dissolved solids, phosphate, chemical oxygen demand, biochemical oxygen demand, ammonia nitrogen, furfural, oil and ph. for pr...