This study seeks to identify the strategic and operational factors necessary for effective operation of International Olympic Academy (IOA), National Academies (NOAs). It applies Resource Dependence Theory (RDP) Inter-organizational Relationships (IOR) institutional environment NOAs. A set exploratory semi-structured interviews were conducted with key stakeholders from Committee (IOC), IOA, NOA...

The aim of this study was two-fold: i) to analyse age-related declines in swimming, cycling, and running performances for Olympic and Ironman triathlons, and ii) to compare age-related changes in these three disciplines between the Olympic and Ironman triathlons. Swimming, cycling, running and total time performances of the top 10 males between 20 and 70 years of age (in 5 years intervals) were...

As the Olympic Games developed and their popularity and relevance grew, winning medals also became important and a matter of national and political prestige. Despite the International Olympic Committee’s refusal to recognize country rankings by medals, the medal table is updated on a regular basis and plays a dominant role in media coverage and public interest (Rathke & Woitek, 2007). This has ...

AIM To compare the overall and disease-specific mortality of Croatian male athletes who won one or more Olympic medals representing Yugoslavia from 1948 to 1988 or Croatia from 1992 to 2016, and the general Croatian male population standardized by age and time period. METHODS All 233 Croatian male Olympic medalists were included in the study. Information on life duration and cause of death fo...

It is often believed that the Olympic Games have become more migratory. The number of Olympic athletes representing countries in which they weren't born is thought to be on the rise. It should, however, be noted that migration in the context of sports is hardly a new phenomenon. In this paper we hypothesise that, as a reflection of global migration patterns and trends, the number of foreign-bor...

Preparing a national team for success at major sporting competitions such as the Olympic Games has become a systematic and multi-faceted activity. Sports nutrition contributes to this success via strategic nutritional interventions that optimize the outcomes from both the training process and the competitive event. This review summarizes the National Nutrition Programs involved with the 2012 Lo...

BACKGROUND This study investigated swimming speeds and sex differences of finalists competing at the Olympic Games (i.e. 624 female and 672 male athletes) and FINA World Championships (i.e. 990 women and 1008 men) between 1992 and 2013. METHODS Linear, non-linear and multi-level regression models were used to investigate changes in swimming speeds and sex differences for champions and finalis...

Sport academies are the vehicle by which clubs and governing bodies often develop and nurture talented sports people, with their demographic predominately adolescent. Conceptualized initially within Western mass participation sports, academies are now seen across the globe, with a diversity of nationalities, ethnicities, religions, and cultures, encompassing a broad variety of sports. Substanti...

the aim of this research was to study the self-citation of physical education professors in “olympic” and “harakat” journals from 2003 to 2009. the amount and number of papers with self-citation, the ratio of self-citation authors to all authors, number of self-citation and its amount, self-citation distribution according to the year of publication and the ratio of self-citation to the type of ...