The R function t.test() can be used to perform both one and two sample t-tests on vectors of data. The function contains a variety of options and can be called as follows: > t.test(x, y = NULL, alternative = c("two.sided", "less", "greater"), mu = 0, paired = FALSE, var.equal = FALSE, conf.level = 0.95) Here x is a numeric vector of data values and y is an optional numeric vector of data values...

As one of the most visible applications in computer vision communication, face recognition (FR) has become significant role in the community. In the past decade, researchers have been devoting themselves to addressing the various problems emerging in practical FR applications in uncontrolled or less controlled environment. In many practical applications of FR (e.g., law enforcement, e-passport,...

Biometrics has the advantages of efficiency and convenience in identity authentication. As one of the most promising biometric-based methods, ear recognition has received broad attention and research. Previous studies have achieved remarkable performance with multiple samples per person (MSPP) in the gallery. However, most conventional methods are insufficient when there is only one sample per ...

A match statistic considered by Khidr (1981) is interpreted in terms of crossings of the empirical and true distribution functions and a simpler alternate derivation of its distribution provided. This approach can also be used to obtain the distribution of a two-sample match statistic, considered earlier by Tak~tcs (1971).

The power analysis of a diagnostic test is often based on the sensitivity and specificity of the test. In such a test, the outcome of the diagnostic screening test is compared to the gold standard. In the common case-control study, the gold standard must be known before. In a prospective study, the gold standard is determined subsequent to the study, so the case-control framework is not appropr...