How is load sensed by receptors, and how is this sensory information used to guide locomotion? Many insights in this domain have evolved from comparative studies since it has been realized that basic principles concerning load sensing and regulation can be found in a wide variety of animals, both vertebrate and invertebrate. Feedback about load is not only derived from specific load receptors b...

Alzheimer's disease is a major public health problem in the world. Alzheimer's disease is a progressive, complex and heterogeneous neurodegenerative disorder. There are two types of Alzheimer's disease: familial Alzheimer's disease (FAD, also known as early onset Alz-heimer's disease) and sporadic type (also known as late onset Alzheimer's disease; LOAD). FAD is relatively rare, accounting for ...

Ventilation decreases and airway resistance increases with the loss of electroencephalogram alpha activity at sleep onset. The aim of this study was to determine whether reflexive load compensation is lost immediately on the loss of alpha activity. Six healthy male subjects were studied under two conditions (load and control-no load), in three states (continuous alpha, continuous theta, and imm...

PURPOSE Early-onset Alzheimer's disease (EOAD) has a different pathologic burden and clinical features compared with late-onset Alzheimer's disease (LOAD). We examined the effects of age at onset on the burden and distribution of β-amyloid in patients with EOAD, in whom well-characterized mutations associated with Alzheimer's disease were absent. METHODS We genotyped ApoE, APP, PSEN1 and PSEN...

OBJECTIVE To investigate the association of genetic variants in sortilin-related receptor (SORL1), which has been proposed as an important genetic contributor to late-onset Alzheimer disease (LOAD). DESIGN We analyzed 13 SORL1 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and the relative haplotypes in a case-control association study. PARTICIPANTS The sample included 708 Italian subjects: 251 unr...

OBJECTIVES Sleep is essential for recovery and performance in elite athletes. While it is generally assumed that exercise benefits sleep, high training load may jeopardize sleep and hence limit adequate recovery. To examine this, the current study assessed objective sleep quantity and sleep stage distributions in elite athletes and calculated their association with perceived training load. DE...

Qpe 1 diabetes is a disease characterized by progressive loss of p-cell function due to an autoimmune reaction affecting the islets of Langerhans. It is now generally accepted that cytokines are implicated in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases. Animal studies have shown that interleukin-1 p, tumor necrosis factora, and interferon-y affect type 1 diabetes development profoundly. I t has bee...