For several decades, petroleum has been a commodity of vital impor-tance to the global economy, in which a number of interesting marketphenomena has occurred. This monograph represents my efforts todescribe several of these phenomenon, along with a few other elementsof the oil market. My focus is on elements related to the extractionof petroleum, and the interactions between...

The hybrid process of seawater desalting couples the reverse osmosis with the multi-stage flash process. The hybrid process is usually planned to improve the performance of MSF and reduce the cost of desalted water. Most of the studies on these plants refer to the parameters (both technical and economical) that have been obtained in the countries where desalination processes are in common use. ...

According to “Hotelling rule” price of an “exhaustible resource” exceeds its marginal cost of production in perfect competition equilibrium by amount equal to the opportunity cost of depleting the resource now rather than next periods. This cost is called “scarcity rent”. Oil price exceeds its marginal extraction costs significantly. This can be attributed two different sources: effect of scarc...

Between January 2017 and March 2020 a coalition of oil producers led by OPEC Russia (known as OPEC+) cut production in an attempt to raise the price crude oil. In corona virus shock collapse this coalition, members did not agree on keeping market tight face large negative demand shock. Yet, was OPEC+ actually effective sustaining oil? early when strategy place, inventories fell substantially re...

We consider whether a newspaper article count index related to the organization of petroleum exporting countries (OPEC), which rises in response important OPEC meetings and events connected with production levels, contains predictive power for foreign exchange rates G10 countries. The applied Bayesian inference methodology synthesizes wide array established approaches modelling rate dynamics, w...

Carbon taxes have largely been discussed as individual country measures (even if taken simultaneously) aimed to reduce carbon emissions, slow global warning, and internalizing the externalities associated with carbon generating activities, such as power generation. There has however been little emphasis on the incentives for subgroups of countries to jointly peruse carbon taxes. Yet for large i...

abstract t his paper explains bilateral trade patterns between south korea and thirteen opec member countries over the period 1980-2014 using a gravity model. the estimation results show that the gravity equation fits the data reasonably well. we confirmed the existence of long term relationships between the bilateral trade flows and the main components of gravity model - gdp, income (gdp per c...

The United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change and its Kyoto Protocol require Parties to take measures to minimise the adverse effects of climate change on vulnerable countries including small island states. In negotiations the Alliance of Small Island States (AOSIS) argue that this should mean assistance for capacity building and transfer of technologies to help them adapt to a chan...

This Joint Report does not necessarily express the positions of the member countries of IEA, OECD and the World Bank, and those of OPEC and of the Governments it represents. IEA, OPEC, OECD, and the World Bank assume no liability or responsibility whatsoever for the use of the data or analyses contained in this Joint Report and nothing in this Joint Report shall be construed as interpreting or ...