The growth of a single cylindrical hole ahead of a blunt crack tip was studied using large deformation finite element analysis in three-point bend specimens with different precrack depth. The effect of small second phase particles was taken into account by incorporating Gurson’s constitutive equation. The effects of strain hardening and the initial distance from the hole to the crack tip were a...

A series of tensile experiments were performed on S2 glass/toughened epoxy composite strips with a center hole or a pin joint at various temperatures within the range of −60C and 125C. Four different lay-up configurations each of 24 layers: [0°], [0°/90°], [45°/−45°] and [0°/45°/90°/−45°] and four different hole diameters: 1/8”, 1/4”, 3/8”, 1/2” were used in both types of specimens. For certain...

We report quantitative analyses of drilling predation on the free-living, tube-dwelling serpulid polychaete Ditrupa arietina from the Cope Cabo marine succession (Pliocene, Spain). Tubes of D. arietina are abundant in the sampled units: 9 bulk samples from 5 horizons yielded ~5925 specimens of D. arietina. Except for fragmentation, tubes were well preserved. Complete specimens ranged from 3.1 t...

The effect of grain angle (GA) on shear strength of Douglasfi r has been evaluated. Shear block specimens with a GA varying from 0 to 90 ° was loaded in the shear plane, resulting in failure mode transitioning from parallel to grain shear to rolling shear. As expected, shear strength decreased as the GA increased from 0 ° to 90 ° . A root-mean-square equation was found to be suitable to predict...

Objectives: Swas Kas Chintamani Ras (SKC) is an ayurvedic preparation indicated for respiratory diseases. Our study was aimed to determine the psychopharmacological and neurosafety profile of SKC. Materials and Methods: Psychopharmacological effects and neurosafety profile of this drug were determined by nine complementary test methods namely, open field, locomotor activity, hole cross, hole bo...

Many scientists use coronal hole (CH) detections to infer open magnetic flux. Detection techniques differ in the areas that they assign as open, and may obtain different values for We characterize uncertainties of these methods, by applying six detection methods deduce area flux a near-disk center CH observed on 9/19/2010, single method five EUV filtergrams this CH. Open was calculated using ma...