BACKGROUND There is evidence that opium addiction has immunosuppressant effects. Coronary artery disease (CAD) is a condition resulted from atherosclerosis which is dependent on the immune response. PURPOSE To evaluate plasma levels of interleukin-6 and interleukin-1Ra in 30 patients with three-vessel coronary artery disease, ejection fraction of more than 35% and to evaluate their changes af...

background: narcotic addiction is one of the most important problems in human communities that unfortunately it's prevalence has been increased in our country inconveniently. opium has various effects on the parts of body. many studies has been performed about these effects, but opium effect on common bile duct has allocated only small quantity. materials and methods: this study is a cross-sect...

INTRODUCTION Addiction imposes a large medical, social and economic burden on societies. Currently, there is no effective treatment for addiction. Our struggle to decipher the different mechanisms involved in addiction requires a proper understanding of the brain regions which promote this devastating behavior. Previous studies have shown a pivotal role for insula in cigarette smoking. In this ...

Introduction: Laryngeal cancer is the second most common cancer involving the respiratory tract, second only to lung cancer. Previous studies have shown opium dependency to be a possible risk factor for laryngeal cancer. Opium consumption is a major problem in some parts of the world. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of opium consumption on the pattern of involvement in laryn...

Background: Osteoporosis and osteopenia are the most common metabolic bone diseases making the patients vulnerable to bone fragility and fracture. In this study, the association of opium consumption and osteoporosis adjusted for other risk factors was studied.Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 619 cases including 73 men and 546 women referred to densitometry center in Kerman, Iran, were st...

BACKGROUND Metalloproteinase-9 exists in the basement membrane of normal tissues and is a major factor in cancer invasion and lymphatic metastasis. Smoking has been reported to increase the metalloproteinase level, but the role of opium consumption in metalloproteinase level has not yet been examined. The current research intended to examine the impacts of opium consumption on the serum levels ...

BACKGROUND There are widespread misconceptions about the positive effects of opium on coronary artery disease (CAD). Thus, we performed a study to explore the opium addiction process contributing factors among CAD patients using a grounded theory approach. METHODS The sample comprised 30 addicted CAD patients and their family members, physicians, nurses and friends. Purposive and theoretical ...

background: there are widespread misconceptions about the positive effects of opium on coronary artery disease (cad). thus, we performed a study to explore the opium addiction process contributing factors among cad patients using a grounded theory approach.   methods : the sample comprised 30 addicted cad patients and their family members, physicians, nurses and friends. purposive and theoretic...

background: recognition of the predisposing factors of bladder cancer is very important and provides possible prevention measures. the aim of this study was to investigate the types, distribution of bladder tumors and their relationship with opium consumption and smoking in patients who referred to shahid beheshti hospital, babol, iran. methods: in this case-control study, all patients diagnose...

BACKGROUND Like any other drug abuse, opium use is known to have detrimental effects on oral health. Oral hygiene neglect in opium users can lead to tooth loss resulting in further functional, esthetic, and dieting problems. Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess the association between tooth loss and opium addiction in a large-scale population. MATERIALS AND METHODS This study was pa...