toxic optic neuropathy (ton) is a group of medical disorders which can be defined by visual impairment due to optic nerve damage by a toxin. the exposure to a toxic substance can occur at the workplace, with ingestion of materials/ foods containing a toxin, or the use of systemic medications. ton is a disease entity which is not only under-diagnosed, but also often diagnosed at a stage when rec...

Optic nerve dural ectasia is a rare cause of optic nerve sheath enlargement due to the accumulation of CSF around the optic nerve with no associated pathology. It diagnosed by MRI studies and can follow benign or sometimes an unfavorable course. We describe the case of a 24-day-old female referred for a visual blurring, which we diagnosed as a dural ectasia of the optic nerve sheath by MRI and ...

The vascular aetiology of glaucoma hypothesizes that a compromised blood supply to the optic nerve head contributes to optic nerve head damage. Localized damage may occur when ocular perfusion deficits of the optic nerve head, the retina, the choroid or the retrobulbar vessels falls outside the normal range of autoregulation. This may be the result of systemic dysfunction (vasosclerosis, small ...

Leptospirosis, a disease of great significance in tropical countries, presents commonly as a biphasic illness with acute febrile episode in the first phase followed by a brief afebrile period and then by the second phase of fever with or without jaundice and renal failure. However, it has varied manifestations and unusual clinical features ascribed to immunological phenomena can occur due to th...

In multiple sclerosis, microstructural damage of normal-appearing brain tissue is an important feature of its pathology. Understanding these mechanisms is vital to help develop neuroprotective strategies. The visual pathway is a key model to study mechanisms of damage and recovery in demyelination. Anterograde trans-synaptic degeneration across the lateral geniculate nuclei has been suggested a...

Angiomatous tumours causing visual disturbances are well known (Reese, 1963). The tumour may be isolated (mainly in the orbit and choroid), or it may be a manifestation of von Hippel's disease (in the retina and on the optic disc), Sturge-Weber's disease (in the choroid and intracranial), or Coats's disease (in the retina). Angiomatous tumours of the optic nerve are extremely rare. This communi...

Objective-  To determine the possibility of three-dimensional ultrasonography (3DUS) and measurement of optical nerve sheet by this method. Design- Descriptive study. Animals- 10 mixed normal dogs (5males, 5 females), age 1-1.5 year, and weighting 15±5 kg Procedure- 3D ultrasounds of the eyes were evaluated and the normal optical nerves in 3DUS images were measured using Volouson 730 pro....

GM1-gangliosidosis is a glycosphingolipid lysosomal storage disease involving accumulation of GM1 and its asialo form (GA1) primarily in the brain. Thin-layer chromatography and X-ray diffraction were used to analyze the lipid content/composition and the myelin structure of the optic and sciatic nerves from 7- and 10-month old β-galactosidase (β-gal) +/? and β-gal -/- mice, a model of GM1gangli...

the hypothesis that mitochondrial genes may be implicated in susceptibility to multiple sclerosis (ms) is supported by an increasing number of case reports on lebers hereditary optic neuropathy (lhon)-associated mitochondrial dna (mtdna) point mutations in patients with ms. a number of mtdna mutations with primary pathogenic significance for lhon, a maternally inherited disease causing severe b...

the hypothesis that mitochondrial genes may be implicated in susceptibility to multiple sclerosis (ms) is supported by an increasing number of case reports on lebers hereditary optic neuropathy (lhon)-associated mitochondrial dna (mtdna) point mutations in patients with ms. a number of mtdna mutations with primary pathogenic significance for lhon, a maternally inherited disease causing severe b...