Coherent superposition of light from subwavelength sources is an attractive prospect for the manipulation of the direction, shape and polarization of optical beams. This phenomenon constitutes the basis of phased arrays, commonly used at microwave and radio frequencies. Here we propose a new concept for phased-array sources at infrared frequencies based on metamaterial nanocavities coupled to a...

Linear optical networks are devices that turn classical incident modes by a linear transformation into outgoing ones. In general, the quantum version of such transformations may mix annihilation and creation operators. We derive a simple formula for an effective Hamiltonian generating the scattering operator of a general linear quantum network. Our formula shows how to compute the effective Ham...

We theoretically investigate quantum interference of two single photons at a lossy asymmetric beam splitter, the most general passive 2×2 optical circuit. The losses in the circuit result in a non-unitary scattering matrix with a non-trivial set of constraints on the elements of the scattering matrix. Our analysis using the noise operator formalism shows that the loss allows tunability of quant...

It has recently been shown that shared cryptographic quan tum bits are achievable through the use of an optical coupler instead of polarised photons We show that such shared cryptographic bits can also be produced by using a di erent optical apparatus a beam splitter An important advantage of such a system is that it could be experimentally more feasible than an optical coupler

A photonic crystal polarization beam splitter based on photonic band gap and self-collimation effects is designed for optical communication wavelengths. The photonic crystal structure consists of a polarization-insensitive self-collimation region and a splitting region. TMand TE-polarized waves propagate without diffraction in the self-collimation region, whereas they split by 90 degrees in the...

A 2×2 high contrast ratio optical switch composed of holographic optical switching elements is presented. This switch consists of two electro-optic halfwave plates, four layers of holographic gratings, two dielectric substrates, and one spacer. The contrast ratio can be higher than 54 dB. The contrast ratio improvement of this device is the same as a dilated optical switch. Key-words: Holograph...

A novel monolithic free-space optical disk pickup head has been fabricated by micromachined micro-optical bench technology. The pickup head contains a self-aligned semiconductor edge-emitting laser, a collimating lens, a beam splitter, two focusing lenses, and two 45 degrees mirrors. All optical components are built monolithically on Si substrates. The 45 degrees mirror directs the optical outp...

These experiments requires modification of the usual quantum mechanics. Illustrated by the treatment of the beam splitter presented here. Be lossless.The electromagnetic fields associated with a beam splitter having two input arms and two output arms are quantized in terms of the spatial modes of the. Recent years2 has rekindled interest in the lossless beam splitter, not. The quantum-mechanica...

We investigate the ray dynamics in an optical cavity when a ray-splitting mechanism is present. The cavity is a conventional two-mirror stable resonator, and the ray splitting is achieved by inserting an optical beam splitter perpendicular to the cavity axis. Using Hamiltonian optics, we show that such a simple device presents surprisingly rich chaotic ray dynamics.

Decision errors caused by quantum noise in an optical signal system have been experimentally detected. Such an experiment is necessary in order to facilitate the development of a future advanced zero-error optical communication system. The apparatus consisted of two low dark-count photoelectron multiplying tube detectors which were used to detect two separate polarization components (X; Y ) of ...