* Percentages are based on women who used oral contraceptive pills in the past 4 weeks and had sexual intercourse in the past 12 months, who were asked the question “Still thinking about the past 4 weeks, how many pills that you were supposed to take did you miss? Would you say you never missed a pill, missed only one pill, or missed two or more pills?” † Estimates are based on interviews of th...

OBJECTIVE To observe the adverse effects of low dose combination contraceptive pills on blood coagulation in a set of local population. METHODS Between December 2002 to December 2003 a comparative cross-sectional study was conducted at the Department of Pharmacology, Ziauddin Medical University, Karachi and Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi. Fifty women of reproductive age were divided in...

OBJECTIVES Use of oral contraceptive pills (OCP) increases the risk of cerebral venous sinus thrombosis (CVST). Whether this risk varies by type, duration, and other forms of hormonal contraceptives is largely unknown. This systematic review and meta-analysis update the current state of knowledge. METHODS We performed a search to identify all published studies on the association between hormo...

Emergency post-coital contraception (EC) is an effective method of preventing pregnancy when used appropriately. EC has been available since the 1970s, and its availability and use have become widespread. Options for EC are broad and include the copper intrauterine device (IUD) and emergency contraceptive pills such as levonorgestrel, ulipristal acetate, combined oral contraceptive pills (Yuzpe...

During perimenopause, i. e. immediately prior to menopause until the end of the first year after a woman’s last menstruation, fertility has not entirely ceased. Ovulation may occur spontaneously thus effective contraception is still necessary especially if a pregnancy is not desired. No contraceptive method is contraindicated only because of the advanced age.Therefore, perimenopausal women can ...

A previously healthy, 35-year-old woman, mother of two children, presented with a 3-day history of abdominal discomfort, vomiting and anuria for 2 days. She had no history of diabetes or hypertension. She had been using a combination of ethinylestradiol and drospirenone as a contraceptive for the previous 3 years. Her investigations at presentation were: serum creatinine: 7.9 mg/dL (698 lmol/L)...

Background and objective: All over the world, 150 million women use Oral Contraceptive Pills (OCPs). Because of such a high consumption level, any risky impact of these pills on public health would be important. The present study aimed to determine the relationship between consumption of OCPs and hypertension. Method: In this retrospective, cross-sectional study, 165women below 40 years of age ...

Oral contraceptive pills (OCP) represent the most common contraceptive method among teenagers and young adults. Because many women with cystic fibrosis (CF) are now surviving into childbearing age and are at risk for the complications of pregnancy in CF, oral contraceptive use may be indicated. However, it has been suggested that OCP use by CF patients may be associated with deterioration in pu...

Inherited risk factors for vascular disease include factor V Leiden [1], prothrombin [2] and methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) point mutations [3]. The use of oral contraceptives is also a recognized risk factor for venous thromboembolism [4]. In Eastern Mediterranean countries, the highest frequency of factor V Leiden was reported in Lebanon (14%) [5,6]. However, there are no studies...