approximately 20% of caustic ingestions result in some degree of esophageal injury. alkaline materials are the most frequent corrosive materials ingested.     the physical form and ph of ingested materials play a critical role in the site and type of gastrointestinal injury (ph > 12 or ph < 1.5, crystalline drain cleaners). unlike alkaline solutions, strong acids are bitter, burn on contact and...

childrenwith helicobacter infection need treatment. the aim of treatment is elimination of h.pylori. most patients with this infection are asymptomatic and without peptic disease. treatment and management of these patients are controversy. conventional treatment: the best treatment for h. pylori eradication regimens should have cure rates of at least 80%, be without major side effects, and indu...

cystic fibrosis (cf) is an inherited disease that primarily affects the lungs and the digestive system, however, it also affects a number of other organs and systems. more than 90% of mortality of  cf patients is due to lung complications.  healthy lungs are important for a long life for people with cf, we will discuss two important topics for maintaining respiratory health. chronic use of drug...

although food allergy is a major public health problem, currently there is no effective and safe treatment except to avoid the foods .but the need for new options is critical now as the number of children diagnosed with food allergies rises. avoiding the offending allergen in the diet is the primary treatment of food allergy. once a food to which the patient is sensitive has been identified, th...

food allergies are common health problem among children. they carry a significant risk of severe allergic reactions. these disorders are chronic conditions in which the immune system becomes hypersensitive to some food products. it is estimated that 8% of children under the age of three have a type of food allergy. the common allergenic foods include cow’s milk, wheat, peanuts, egg, soy and fis...

introduction: non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (nafld) has become the most common cause of liver disease worldwide. it has been suggested that dietary composition plays a role in nafld pathogenesis; thus, changing dietary patterns may constitute a therapeutic resource even in the absence of weight reduction. the aim of this study was to identify the characteristic of suitable dietary pattern i...

introduction: childhood obesity is a growing global health problem, but in the view of medical ethics, obesity management in children is associated with challenges. method and materials: this study is a comprehensive review in english (cochrane library, and pubmed) and persian literature which pointed to the ethical aspects of pediatrics obesity management with content analysis. results: in the...

No abstract is available for this article.

Within a single tumor clone, cells have significantly different abilities to proliferate and form new tumors. This has led to the hypothesis that most cells in a cancer have a limited ability to divide and only a small subset of distinct cells, the cancer stem cells (CSCs), has the capacity to self-renew and form new tumors . It has been proposed that the development of tumors is based exclusiv...

Background:  Renal transplantation is the best choose in the end stage renal disease (ESRD), and acute rejection and graft dysfunction remain major challenges in the worldwide, even with the advent of new immunosuppressive drugs. The novel cell-based anti-rejection treatments have been studied by using different stem cell sources. In this study, transplantation of autologous-bone-marrow-derive...