Employing a recently introduced framework, within which a large number of classical and modern adaptive lter algorithms can be viewed as special cases, a generic, variable step-size adaptive lter has been presented. Variable Step-Size (VSS) Normalized Least Mean Square (VSSNLMS) and VSS A ne Projection Algorithms (VSSAPA) are particular examples of adaptive algorithms covered by this generic va...

soil salinity is a limiting factor for plant growth and a serious cause of land degradation. field sampling and statistical analysis for estimating soil salinity is expensive and time consuming. estimating soil salinity by spatial statistical models and geographic information system (gis) is recommended, because it saves labor and time. this study was conducted to evaluate the performance of sp...