The extensive use of pesticides requires innovative approaches to remove these compounds from the environment. Carbon materials are traditionally used as adsorbents for removing pesticides, and development new sorts carbon allows more advanced in environmental applications. Using density functional calculations, we have predicted chemical reaction between S(O)=P moieties organophosphates with p...

OBJECTIVE To review the public health significance of organophosphate pesticide exposure in the United States of America. Since the situation of high organophosphate pesticide exposure and the concomitant health risks in the developing countries of the world is well known, this article seeks to highlight the public health significance of organophosphate exposure in the United States, where it i...

Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) is an important enzyme in cholinergic synapses. Most arthropods have two genes (ace1 and ace2), but only one encodes the predominant synaptic AChE, the main target for organophosphates. Resistance towards organophosphates is widespread in the marine arthropod Lepeophtheirus salmonis. To understand this trait, it is essential to characterize the gene(s) coding for ACh...

BACKGROUND/AIMS Organophosphate poisoning has a high mortality rate. Recently, differences among organophosphorus insecticides in human self-poisoning were reported. This study investigated the prognostic risk factors and the mortality of different organophosphates following acute organophosphate poisoning. METHODS This retrospective study included 68 patients with acute organophosphate poiso...

The involvement of organophosphate insecticides in cognitive disorders is supported by epidemiologic and biological evidence, but the effects of long-term exposure remain debated. We studied the association between organophosphate exposure and cognitive performance in vine workers from the PHYTONER study cohort in the Bordeaux area of France. Results from interviews of 614 subjects conducted at...

BACKGROUND Oxidative stress and excitotoxicity underlie the developmental neurotoxicity of numerous chemicals. OBJECTIVES We compared the effects of organophosphates (chlorpyrifos and diazinon), an organo-chlorine (dieldrin), and a metal [divalent nickel (Ni2+)] to determine how these mechanisms contribute to similar or dissimilar neurotoxic outcomes. METHODS We used PC12 cells as a model o...

The high propensity for simultaneous exposure to multiple environmental chemicals necessitates the development and use of models that provide insight into the toxicity of chemical mixtures. In this study, we developed a mathematical model that combines concepts of concentration addition, response addition, and toxicokinetic chemical interaction to assess toxicity of chemical mixtures. A ternary...

Alzheimer’s disease is insidious progressive age related neurological disorder which leads to the loss of cognitive functions, memory processes and associated behavior. The role of environmental factor and genetic susceptibility in the etiology of Alzheimer’s disease has been reviewed in recent years. Organophosphates, a class of insecticide are widely used in the agriculture, home, garden, pub...

This brief review describes the reactions of organophosphorus compounds with cholinesterases, neuropathy target esterase, and phosphoric triester hydrolases with respect to their toxicity. It also describes antidotes, protectors, and decontaminating agents against organophosphates.