Optimization problems are becoming more complicated, and their resource requirements rising. Real-life optimization often NP-hard time or memory consuming. Nature has always been an excellent pattern for humans to pull out the best mechanisms engineering solve problems. The concept of seen in several natural processes, such as species evolution, swarm intelligence, social group behavior, immune...

10 / research in arabic language and literature: foreign languages faculty research biannual journal (autumn winter 2012-2013) issue 7 the manifestations of post-modernism in the novel barari alhoma by ibrahim nasr-allah ahmad reza saedi * aliyeh jafari zadeh ** abstract the word post-modernism expresses a new era in the history of western civilization, which is known by the feeling of disillus...

This paper presents a literature review on the architectures of complex multi-agent systems. Firstly, the concept of general architectures and three orientations of systems architectures, i.e., information flow oriented, control oriented and role oriented ones, are presented. Secondly, a literature review is presented upon the architectures of complex multi-agent systems in terms of control ori...

a historical novel is a form of story-like narrative which is a combination of story and history. accordingly, we cannot easily comment whether, within this framework, it is the history that isbeing focused on by the author—as all the story’s elements are employed in the service of the historian—or history simplyplays an incidental role at the back stage of the story. the best exampleof the mix...

Consistent with a subgoal-learning approach, the authors hypothesized that learners who studied statistics examples with conceptually oriented equations would transfer more successfully to novel problems compared with learners who studied examples using computationally oriented equations. The conceptually oriented equations were designed to capture the relationship between the concept and its c...

The key issue in the design of today’s living spaces is the cognitive and socio psychological gap towards individual and social needs of today's human. Place attachment as a quality of urban space has a kind of product-oriented output and requires careful attention to the stages and process of attachment. In the analysis of this process, familiarity with cognitive structures and novel res...