this article is an attempt to show that how the meanings of the words “philosophy” and “philosopher” change in plato’s phaedo in comparison with his early socratic dialogues. the phaedo is plato’s interpretation of socrates’ life, philosophy and death, in light of orphic and pythagorean eschatological doctrines. in this interpretation, plato reveals his problem of epistemological pessimism and ...

one of the prominent figures in epistemology from a moral-educative perspective is mulla sadra. this essay tries to analyze his ideas in a library-based method in order to find his educative methods. the key question is what educative methods are explicitly or implicitly mentioned in his epistemological ideas. he based his educative ideas upon his philosophical foundations specially the substan...

Galen's three souls incorporate previously existing ideas of soul. Soul is matter - cum - energy. As matter it is airlike, the finest by nature and as movement, like sound, the form of energy most subtle of its kind. Creator is depicted with Creation as the Cosmic egg and snake as Cosmic soul and the syllable Om, as the word incorporating creative energy. Om as humming sound is symbolized by Be...

The development of fMRI techniques has generated a boom of neuroscience research across the psychological sciences, and revealed neural correlates for many psychological phenomena seen as central to the human experience (e.g., morality, agency). Meanwhile, the rise of neuroscience has reignited old debates over mind-body dualism and the soul. While some scientists use neuroscience to bolster a ...

background: isolated right bundle branch block (rbbb) is a common finding in the general population. the atrioventricular node (avn) artery contributes to the blood supply of the right bundle branch. our hypothesis was that the anatomy of the avn artery and the pattern of dominancy differ between subjects with and without rbbb. methods: w e retrospectively studied the coronary angiography of 92...

Modern conversations between the natural sciences and theology on the human soul have not so far engaged extensively with the debates of the early church on the matter. This article considers the relevance of the Apollinarian controversy (the fourth century Christological contention of whether or not Jesus has a human soul/mind), and suggests that this introduces important considerations for th...