There are different dynamic or static test methodologies for evaluating the shear and torsional moduli of wood. A preferred method is nondestructive, accurate, and standard. However, dynamic methods using conventional devices previously suggested for determining the orthotropic shear moduli of wood are neither accurate nor standard. Thus, a reliable method for evaluating the torsional modulus o...

A thin, solid, circular wood disk, cut from the transverse plane of a tree stem, can be modeled as a cylindrically orthotropic elastic material. It is known that a stress singularity can occur at the center of a cylindrically orthotropic disk subjected to uniform pressure. If a solid cylindrically orthotropic disk is subjected to sinusoidal pressure distributions, then other stress singularitie...

A method is presented to find orthotropic elastic symmetries and constants directly from the elastic coefficients in the overall stiffness matrix of trabecular bone test specimens. Contrary to earlier developed techniques, this method does not require pure orthotropic behavior or additional fabric measurements. The method uses high-resolution computer reconstructions of trabecular bone specimen...

A new model for fatigue damage evolution of polymer matrix composites is presented. The model is based on a combination of an orthotropic damage model and an isotropic fatigue evolution model. The orthotropic damage model is used to predict the orthotropic damage evolution within a single cycle. The isotropic fatigue model is used to predict the magnitude of fatigue damage accumulated as a func...

PURPOSE To evaluate sensorimotor outcomes among children in the Infant Aphakia Treatment Study (IATS). METHODS Secondary outcome analysis was performed in this randomized, multicenter, clinical trial comparing treatment of unilateral aphakia with a primary intraocular lens (IOL) or contact lens (CL) correction. The alignment characteristics and sensory status of children through age 5 years w...

Scale factors (SFs) are widely used in engineering applications to describe the stress concentration factor (SCF) of a finite width isotropic plate with a circular hole and under uniaxial loading. In this paper, these SFs were also found to be valid in an isotropic plate with biaxial loading and an isotropic cylinder with uniaxial loading or internal pressure, if a suitable hole to structure di...

A mathematical model for analyzing horizontally polarized shear surface (SH) waves propagating in laminated plates is presented. All the layers are assumed to have monoclinic symmetry. Three types of boundary conditions imposed on the outer surfaces of a plate are considered. A variant of the modified transfer matrix (MTM) method is developed. Closed form dispersion relations are obtained for p...

The inplane elastic properties of perfectly circular and elliptic cell honeycombs are derived through an analytical method and validated numerically. In the case of perfectly circular cell hexagonally packed honeycomb, the inplane elastic properties are shown to be isotropic. However, a departure from circularity of the cells leading to cell ellipticity results in the inplane properties becomin...