acorn crop, 79 , 87 , 90 , 92 , 219 , 226 – 228 , 230 – 232 , 232t13.4 acorn woodpecker, 20 , 73 , 190 , 217 – 234 , 263 , 268 , 356 , 359 , 361 , 365t20.1 , 368 Acridotheres tristis . See common myna Acrocephalus melanopogon . See moustached warbler Acrocephalus sechellensis . See Seychelles warbler adaptive delayed dispersal hypothesis, 362 additive care, 158 Aegithalos caudatus . See long-...

In most vertebrates, production of reproductive hormones wanes with age, co-occurring with a decline in reproductive output. Measurement of these hormones can serve as a key marker of the onset of reproductive senescence. Longitudinal studies of physiological parameters in populations of free-living animals are relatively uncommon; however, we have monitored baseline concentrations of hormones ...

Rice's Theorem states that every nontrivial language property of the recursively enumerable sets is undecidable. Borchert and Stephan BS96] initiated a search for complexity-theoretic analogs of Rice's Theorem. In particular, they proved that every nontrivial counting property of circuits is UP-hard. We extend their result by proving that every nontrivial counting property of circuits is UP O(1...

Four seed-caching corvid species were tested in an open-room analog of the radial-arm maze. During Experiment 1, the species more dependent on stored food. Clark's nutcrackers (Nucifraga columbiana) and pinyon jays (Gymnorhinus cyanocephalus), acquired the task more quickly and to higher accuracy levels than either scrub jays (Aphelocoma coerulescens) or Mexican jays (A. ultramarina). During Ex...

A spheroidal transgene-networked gel matrix was designed as a synthetic nucleus system. It was spheroidically manufactured using both advanced lithography and DNA nanotechnology. Stable Aqueorea coerulescens green fluorescent protein (AcGFP)-encoding gene cross-networks have been optimized in various parameters: the number of gene-networked gel (G-net-gel) spheroids, the concentration of a AcGF...

Background: In reverse genetics studies, minigenomes of negative sense RNA viruses are used to model the process virus replication and evaluate rescue system in course construction recombinant virus. current study, a minigenome (MG) for lentogenic D58 vaccine strain Avian orthoavulavirus 1 (AOAV-1) (Newcastle disease virus) was developed establish genetic this strain. Methods: The constructed b...