1. The orientation of symmetric objects is irrelevant Hold this page to a mirror. OTTO in OTTO DIED seems unreversed. However, the illiterate mirror reflects all words equally. OTTO only appears to be unchanged because of its vertical symmetry. This becomes manifest as you position a mirror beneath OTTO DIED. Since OTTO is not horizontally symmetric, its horizontal reflection is asymmetric. Jus...

The end of the 19th century was the starting point of many discoveries in the field of the neurophysiology. At that time, only basic technical approaches were available, and new discoveries depended on few results and lots of deductions. Furthermore, the scientific community was often debating on theoretical speculations and was often divided. I have chosen to present a German neurophysiologist...

Background Otto Warburg’s observation that tumor cells have increased rates of glucose uptake and lactate secretion in comparison to normal cells spawned his notion that tumors have dysfunctional mitochondria. However, in addition to metabolizing glucose to lactate, tumors in vivo exhibit mitochondrial glucose oxidation, indicating activity of pyruvate dehydrognase (PDH), which gates entry of g...

2) Fakultät für Informatik, Otto-von-Guericke-Universität Magdeburg, Deutschland, [email protected] 3) Fakultät für Informatik, Otto-von-Guericke-Universität Magdeburg, Deutschland, [email protected] 4) Center for Digital Engineering, Otto-von-Guericke-Universität Magdeburg, Deutschland, [email protected] 5) Fakultät für Informatik, Otto-von-Guericke-Universität Magdeburg, Deutschland, saake@iti....

At low-temperatures a gas of bosons will undergo phase transition into quantum state matter known as Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC), in which large fraction the particles occupy ground simultaneously. Here we explore performance an endoreversible Otto cycle operating with harmonically confined Bose working medium. We analyze engine operation three regimes, medium BEC phase, and driven across du...

We present an efficient strategy for the application of the inference rules of a completion procedure for finitely presented groups. This procedure has been proposed by Cremanns and Otto and uses a combinatorial structure called word-cycle. Our strategy is complete in the sense that a set of persistent word-cycles can be used to solve the reduced word problem of the finitely presented group giv...

We propose an experimental scheme to realize a nanoheat engine with a single ion. An Otto cycle may be implemented by confining the ion in a linear Paul trap with tapered geometry and coupling it to engineered laser reservoirs. The quantum efficiency at maximum power is analytically determined in various regimes. Moreover, Monte Carlo simulations of the engine are performed that demonstrate its...

Considering the specific heat characteristics of working fluid and existence various losses in a porous medium (PM) cycle, this paper applies finite time thermodynamic theory to study its efficient power performance with nonlinear variable model. Range cycle pre-expansion ratio is obtained by solving equation, PM converted Otto choosing appropriate ratio. Influences ratio, characteristics, temp...