The Ottoman Empire, as a multi-ethnic empire, was first created by the Turks. In fifteenth century, Byzantine Empire destroyed and Turks made Constantinople their capital. By sixteenth had grown to its full potential reached peak in seventeenth spanning three continents: Asia, Europe Africa. order rule administer Turkish rulers number of unique systems models administration, such Sultanate, Tim...

This research will explore the Kadizadeli movement in Ottoman empire 17th century. The is a led by clerics who were previously Friday preachers at mosques Istanbul. wanted to purify Islam from heretical behavior and activities of Sufis according them had demoralized society In Islamic history, for example, there are several figures also criticized Sufism, Ibn Tayimiyah or Jauzi. complex problem...

the domination of ottomans on algeria was resulted by spanish invasions to the shores of this land during the 16th century. so the algeria emirate appealed to famous barbarossa brothers. supported by the ottoman sultan, hayreddin barbarossa conquered algiers in 1529 and changed it to a military base and dominated the eastern mediterranean areas powerfully. they ensured the development of ottoma...

The more homogenized population taken over by the Republic immediately after the Ottoman was being canalized towards the goal of national identity and the historical and cultural structure of the nation was being readdressed and redefined. Modernization and Westernization history of the new Turkey, which started with Ottoman reforms and took its final form with the Kemalist nationstate, politic...

Hakan Ozoglu, The Decline of the Ottoman Empire and Rise Turkish Republic: Observations an American Diplomat, 1919–1927. Edinburgh University Press, 2021. Pp. vi + 224. ISBN 9781474480376 Author: Mohammed Alrmizan For several decades numerous books have investigated both decline Empire, rise Republic mainly through public historical archives. work Ozoglu explores these subjects observations one...

This article focuses on Mehmet Tahir Münif Paşa’s second ambassadorship to Iran (1896–1897) in the aftermath of Nasir al-Din Shah Qajar’s assassination May 1896. It argues that Shah’s death brought about a turning point Perso-Ottoman diplomatic relations and Sultan Abdülhamid’s decision assign as his representative Tehran was an affirmation new age Ottoman foreign policy. In what follows, will ...