Aqueous humor outflow resistance was studied in monkeys (Cercopithecus ethiops) with intact oculomotor nerves, after the nerve had been severed on one side, and during electrical stimulation of the severed nerve. Pupil diameters (on both eyes) and outflow resistance on the non-stimulated side acted as controls. It was found that the outflow resistance increased and the pupil dilated when the ne...

Cardiac power (PWR) is the continuous product of flow and pressure in the proximal aorta. Our aim was to validate the PWR integral as a marker of left ventricular energy transfer to the aorta, by comparing it to stroke work (SW) under multiple different loading and contractility conditions in subjects without obstructions in the left ventricular outflow tract. Six pigs were under general anesth...

: A 55-year-old gentleman with hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy and heart failure symptoms underwent cardiac catheterization, which confirmed a significant pressure drop (60 mmHg) across the left ventricular outflow tract, a double-peaked pulse (pulsus bisferiens) and an absent postextrasystolic potentiation (Brockenbrough-Braunwald-Morrow sign) in the left ventricular outflow tract and ...

The relation to the pressure gradient as assessed by echocardiography and the CMR-derived planimetry of the LVOT is not known, no values for the differentiation of obstruction exist. We studied 37 patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and 14 healthy controls using standard sequences with 3D coverage of the left ventricular outflow tract. A cutoff value of 2.7 cm2 identified obstruction as d...

In this report, we describe a patient with a subvalvular membrane on the left ventricular outflow tract. Discrete subvalvular membrane is a cause of left ventricular outflow tract narrowing. Multidetector computerised tomography can demonstrate the anatomical three-dimensional view of this region and guide for surgery.

Purpose The molecular mechanisms controlling aqueous humor (AQH) outflow and IOP need much further definition. The mouse is a powerful system for characterizing the mechanistic basis of AQH outflow. To enhance outflow studies in mice, we developed a perfusion system that is based on human anterior chamber perfusion culture systems. Our mouse system permits previously impractical experiments. ...

The morphologic determinants of subaortic obstruction in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy are not completely understood. To define the relation between left ventricular outflow tract orifice size and presence or absence of subaortic obstruction, we studied 65 patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and 16 normal controls by quantitative two-dimensional echocardiography. Left ventricu...

The Red Sea outflow exhibits strong seasonal variability in outflow transport due to effects of monsoon winds and seasonal fluctuations in buoyancy forcing. As it descends the continental slope in the western Gulf of Aden, it entrains significantly less-dense near-surface water, which itself varies on seasonal time scales. High-resolution hydrographic and direct velocity data collected during t...

BACKGROUND Vector flow mapping, a novel flow visualization echocardiographic technology, is increasing in popularity. Energy loss reference values for children have been established using vector flow mapping, but those for adults have not yet been provided. We aimed to establish reference values in healthy adults for energy loss, kinetic energy in the left ventricular outflow tract, and the ene...