The occurrence and fate of fourteen androgens, four estrogens, five glucocorticoids and five progestagens were investigated in two different types of wastewater treatment plants (Plant A: activated sludge with chlorination, and Plant B: oxidation ditch with UV) of Guangdong province, China. 14, 14, and 10 of 28 target compounds were detected in the influent, effluent and dewatered sludge sample...

Working with Wetox Ltd, a lab scale plant for the continuous oxidation of wastes from municipal water treatment and industrial processes has been developed at IRL using wet air oxidation (WAO). The WAO process can be used to significantly reduce the chemical oxygen demand (COD) of waste sludge and to recover components such as aluminium and phosphate. WAO requires high temperature (240 – 300 °C...

The research was on the sludge start-up of SH-A process for mature landfill leachate treatment, SH-A is the combined SHARON (Single Reactor High Activity Ammonia Removal Over Nitrite) ANAMMOX(Anaerobic Ammonium Oxidation). The seed sludge was from Yangeryu Landfill of Anshan, Liaoning province of China. The landfill leachate was used to cultivate the sludge. The results showed that the start-up...

A newly discovered process by which ammonium is converted to dinitrogen gas under anaerobic conditions (the Anammox process) has now been examined in detail. In order to confirm the biological nature of this process, anaerobic batch culture experiments were used. All of the ammonium provided in the medium was oxidized within 9 days. In control experiments with autoclaved or raw wastewater, with...

Vegetable oil–based cutting fluids are a relatively recent development in large-scale metal machining. A metal machining factory in Wales that switched from mineral oil-based to vegetable oil-based cutting fluids has experienced the occurrence of a problematic floating sludge within the settling and holding tanks at the on-site effluent treatment plant. Physicochemical analyses have found that ...

A microwave process can be utilized to stabilize the copper ions in heavy metal sludge. The effects of microwave processing on stabilization of heavy metal sludge were studied as a function of additive, power, process time, reaction atmosphere, cooling gas, organic substance, and temperature. Copper leach resistance increased with addition of aluminum metal powder, with increased microwave powe...

The addition of 59 mM nitrate inhibited biogenic sulfide production in dilute sewage sludge (10% [vol/vol]) amended with 20 mM sulfate and either acetate, glucose, or hydrogen as electron donors. Similar results were found when pond sediment or oil field brines served as the inoculum. Sulfide production was inhibited for periods of at least 6 months and was accompanied by the oxidation of resaz...

Activated sludge was successfully incorporated as the biocatalyst in the fast, ferricyanide-mediated biochemical oxygen demand (FM-BOD) bioassay. Sludge preparation procedures were optimized for three potential biocatalysts; aeration basin mixed liquor, aerobic digester sludge and return activated sludge. Following a 24h starving period, the return activated sludge and mixed liquor sludges repo...