نتایج جستجو برای: ozone layer depletion
تعداد نتایج: 361253 فیلتر نتایج به سال:
Today the topics “ozone layer” and “ozone hole” have been placed on the back burner in public discussions of climate change. Since the mid-1980s it has been known that primarily chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) and also halocarbons (compounds where carbon atoms are linked to fluorine, chlorine, bromine, or iodine, but also to hydrogen) are mainly responsible for the destruction of the ozone layer in ...
Surrounding the earth at a height of about 25 kilometers is the stratosphere, rich in ozone, which prevents the sun’s harmful ultraviolet (UV-B) rays from reaching the earth. UV-B rays have an adverse effect on all living organisms, including marine life, crops, animals and birds, and humans. In humans, UV-B is known to affect the immune system; to cause skin cancer, eye damage, and cataracts; ...
Solar ultraviolet radiation creates an ozone layer in the atmosphere which in turn completely absorbs the most energetic fraction of this radiation. This process both warms the air, creating the stratosphere between 15 and 50 km altitude, and protects the biological activities at the Earth's surface from this damaging radiation. In the last half-century, the chemical mechanisms operating within...
During the Arctic Tropospheric Ozone Chemistry (ARCTOC) campaigns at Ny-AÊ lesund, Spitsbergen, the role of halogens in the depletion of boundary layer ozone was investigated. In spring 1995 and 1996 up to 30 ppt bromine monoxide were found whenever ozone decreased from normal levels of about 40 ppb. Those main trace gases and others were speci®cally followed in the UV-VIS spectral region by di...
The springtime depletion of tropospheric ozone in the Arctic is known to be caused by active halogen photochemistry resulting from halogen atom precursors emitted from snow, ice, or aerosol surfaces. The role of bromine in driving ozone depletion events (ODEs) has been generally accepted, but much less is known about the role of chlorine radicals in ozone depletion chemistry. While the potentia...
to 100 DU or even less. Such severe depletion was not observed in the Arctic. Judged by these criteria, there was no Arctic ozone hole in 2011 — only the most extreme episode of ozone loss seen in the Arctic so far. However, the evolution of HNO3, HCl and ClO species was strikingly Antarctic-like and different from what has been observed in other Arctic winters. On the basis of these considerat...
The objective of this study is to demonstrate how polar ozone depletion can be mapped and quantified by assimilating ozone data from satellites into the wind driven transport model DIAMOND, (Dynamical Isentropic Assimilation Model for OdiN Data). By assimilating a large set of satellite data into a transport model, ozone fields can be built up that are less noisy than the individual satellite o...
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