The overactive hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis is believed to trigger the overproduction of corticosterone, leading neurotoxicity in brain. Fisetin a flavonoid commonly found fruits and vegetables. It has been suggested possess various biological activities, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, neuroprotective effects. This study aims explore potential properties fisetin against ...

Ketamine has been reported to impair the capacity for learning and memory. This study examined whether these capacities were also altered in the offspring and investigated the role of the CREB signaling pathway in pregnant rats, subjected to ketamine-induced anesthesia. On the 14th day of gestation (P14), female rats were anesthetized for 3 h via intravenous ketamine injection (200 mg/Kg). Morr...

Converging evidence points to adaptive changes in neuroplasticity and gene expression as mediators of therapeutic action of antidepressants. Activation of cAMP response-element binding protein (CREB) and CREB-regulating signalling are considered main effectors in these mechanisms. We analysed the temporal profile of intracellular changes induced by antidepressants, by measuring activation of ma...

Morphine dependence is characterized by somatic and motivational signs of withdrawal that likely contribute to the maintenance of addictive behavior. The nucleus accumbens (NAc) receives extensive dopaminergic input and is an important substrate for mediating these aversive states. In the NAc, the function of the transcription factor cAMP response element binding protein (CREB) and AMPA glutama...

BACKGROUND Tumor suppressor WOX1 (also named WWOX or FOR) is known to participate in neuronal apoptosis in vivo. Here, we investigated the functional role of WOX1 and transcription factors in the delayed loss of axotomized neurons in dorsal root ganglia (DRG) in rats. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS Sciatic nerve transection in rats rapidly induced JNK1 activation and upregulation of mRNA and ...

(1) Background: The findings of our recent in vivo study indicated that the oral administration oenothein B, a unique macrocyclic ellagitannin, activated extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) 2 and cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB) mouse brain. A large hydrophilic B is unable to reach brain, suggesting any metabolite(s) might function (2) Results: addition culture medium rat co...

BACKGROUND H2S is a novel type of endogenous neural regulatory factor and gaseous mediator. Exogenous H2S can increase heroin-induced learning and memory damage in rat and alleviates heroin-induced rat hippocampus damage through antioxidant and anti-apoptosis effects. OBJECTIVE Aim of this study was to identify whether hydrogen sulfide (H2S) protects heroin withdrawal rat is related with aden...

Calcitriol has been demonstrated to provide neuroprotection against ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. However, the exact mechanism of this protection remains unknown. In the present study, the neuroprotective effect of calcitriol was investigated in rats exposed to cerebral I/R injury induced by middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO). In addition, the involvement of NR3A, extracellular signal...