A technique developed for studying the mechanical behavior of nano-scale thin metal films on substrate is presented. The test structure was designed on a novel “paddle” cantilever beam specimens with dimensions as few hundred nanometers to less than 10 nanometers. This beam is in triangle shape in order to provide uniform plane strain distribution. Standard clean room processing was used to pre...

Introduction In recent years,there has been a strong push to identify bioavailability problems of a drug formulation based on the results of appropriately designed dissolution experiments. Particularly for immediate release (IR) dosage forms, the paddle apparatus has evolved as the method of choice for this purpose (1,2). However,standard paddle experiments require both large volumes of test me...

Case 1 A 60-year-old white male developed neck and bilateral shoulder pain two and a half years ago. There was no history of trauma. He had numbness and paresthesias along the ulnar border of his left forearm and in his left ring and little fingers. Pinprick sensibility was decreased along the medial and lateral borders of his left forearm and in his left middle finger. Reflexes and motor testi...

Voltage-gated ion channels sense transmembrane voltage changes via a paddle-shaped motif that includes the C-terminal part of the third transmembrane segment (S3b) and the N-terminal part of the fourth segment ((NT)S4) that harbors voltage-sensing arginines. Here, we find that residue triplets in S3b and (NT)S4 can be deleted individually, or even in some combinations, without compromising the ...

Nisoldipine is poorly soluble drug. There is no official dissolution method available in the literature or recommended by regulatory agencies. In present study dissolution method was developed. the media selection was done by solubility study of drug in different pH as well as in different surfactant solution. Volume of media was found by calculating sink condition. Sodium lauryl suphate, 1.0% ...

Harbour seals can use their vibrissal system to detect and follow hydrodynamic trails left by moving objects. In this study we determined the maximum time after which a harbour seal could indicate the moving direction of an artificial fish tail and analysed the hydrodynamic parameters allowing the discrimination. Hydrodynamic trails were generated using a fin-like paddle moving from left to rig...

Reconstruction of a composite maxillary defect is frequently performed with a fibular osteocutaneous free flap to address both the bony and mucosal defect. If during the harvest of the fibula a distal skin perforator is not present due to vascular variations, reconstruction can potentially be done using the soleus muscle for filling of the palatal mucosal defect. An additional challenge arises ...

We propose a method of controlling the paddle so as to return the ball to a desired point on the table with a specified flight duration. The proposed method consists of the following three input-output maps implemented by means of Locally Weighted Regression (LWR): (1) A map for predicting the impact time of the ball hit by the paddle and the ball position and velocity at that moment according ...

Drying is a necessary step before sewage sludge energetic valorization. Paddle dryers allow working with such a complex material. However, little is known about sludge flow in this kind of processes. This study intends to set up an original methodology for sludge residence time distribution (RTD) measurement in a continuous paddle dryer, based on the detection of mineral tracers by X-ray fluore...

Juggling is a typical example to represent dexterous tasks of humans. There are many kinds of juggling, e.g., the ball juggling and club juggling in Fig. 1. Other kinds are the toss juggling, bouncing juggling, wall juggling, wall juggling, box juggling, devil sticks, contact juggling and so on. These days, readers can watch movies of these juggling in the website youtube and must be surprised ...