‎in this paper‎, ‎we present a novel approach for image selective smoothing by the evolution of two paired nonlinear‎ ‎partial differential equations‎. ‎the distribution coefficient in de-noising equation controls the speed of distribution‎, ‎and is‎ ‎determined by the edge-strength function‎. ‎in the previous works‎, ‎the edge-strength function depends on isotropic‎ ‎smoothing of the image‎, ‎...

BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to investigate longitudinal changes in the developmental profiles of children with spastic quadriplegic (SQ) cerebral palsy (CP). Additionally, the relationship of developmental functions between the initial and final stages was determined. METHODS This prospective study enrolled forty-six children with SQ CP between 2-6 years old and assessed their develo...

 About 25 years ago, McCullagh proposed a method for modeling univariate ordinal responses. After publishing this paper, other statisticians gradually extended his method, such that we are now able to use more complicated but efficient methods to analyze correlated multivariate ordinal data, and model the relationship between these responses and host of covariates. In this paper, we aim to...

To analyse paired comparison outcomes, such as with non-standard probabilities, a basis is created for the space of all binary interactions, whether from probabilities, correlations, etc. In this manner, the source of all transitive and non-transitive behaviours (e.g. path dependencies) can be identified.

Numerous studies have investigated the remarkable variation of social features and the resulting structures across species. Indeed, relationships are dynamic and vary in time according to various factors such as environmental conditions or individuals attributes. However, few studies have investigated the processes that stabilize the structures within a given species, and the behavioral mechani...

Agricultural pesticides continue to impair surface water ecosystems, although there are few assessments of interactions with other modifications such as fine sediment and physical alteration for flood drainage. We, therefore, surveyed pesticide contamination and macroinvertebrates in 14 streams along a gradient of expected pesticide exposure using a paired-reach approach to differentiate effect...

In this paper we extend the discussion in the background paper, to consider some potential applications of the Thurstone method of Paired Comparisons. Because the analysis is modeled at the level of individuals rather than of groups it is much more powerful than the old method. There are two parts to it which may be called The Model and The Misfit. The model part constructs a single scale showi...